Cities are centres of economy, policy, society and culture and more than half of the world’s population already lives in metropolitan areas. In the last decades the world has faced a constantly accelerating growth of urban areas a development which is closely related to a tremendous increase of the urban population. In 2007 the amount of urban residents has outnumbered the rural population for ...

• The role played by the state as a land market regulator in urban areas with natural vulnerability to flooding; as a producer of urban land and housing; and as a builder of defenses against flooding. • Impacts on the land market of flooding and built defenses as well as access to urban land for different population sectors; land value increases and decreases in urban areas according to floodin...

This paper discusses some of the technical issues involved in the development of a georeferenced population database, including urban extents, currently being developed by CIESIN and partner organizations, using ArcGIS. The database will be available as three separate data products--human settlements database (points), urban extents (polygons) derived from satellite imagery and additional geogr...

Almost 90 per cent of people in Britain live in urban areas and just over half the population are resident in 66 urban areas with populations of 100,000 or more. These and a wide range of key results from the 1991 Census have been published for all urban areas in Great Britain, updating information that was prepared for the first time after the 1981 Census. This article summarises the socio-dem...

Assessment of the effects of air toxics releases in urban areas requires accurate definition of population exposure. There are two critical components in such population exposure assessments: 1) the quantification of the plume dispersal and 2) the quantification of the spatial and temporal distribution of population underlying that plume. Urban buildings in downtown areas complicate both of the...

Menarche and menopause demarcate the limits of potential reproductive life span in the female. A number of studies have conducted on this aspect in different endogamous population of Andhra Pradesh at different time’s .For the present work the urban and rural areas of Kshatriya women have been taken to study and this population has not studied previously on this aspect. In the study population ...

"We find that a nation's urban population percentage increases with GDP per capita; industrialization; export orientation; and possibly, foreign assistance. It decreases with the importance of agriculture. Industrialization and agricultural importance have the same implications for the concentration of urban population in cities with 100,000+ population as for the urban percentage. Greater exp...

We use panel data from Germany to analyze the effect of population density on urban air pollution (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ozone, and an aggregate index for bad quality [AQI]). To address unobserved heterogeneity omitted variables, we present long difference/fixed effects estimates instrumental variables estimates, using historical soil as instruments. Using our preferred find that...