Even though the positive influences of nature on human health have been known for many decades, few studies have been carried out exclusively about the psychological benefits of exposure to water and sky as natural blue elements in built environments. Hence, close-ended questionnaire along with structured interviews (with open-ended questions) are applied to investigate the main question of thi...

The article gives the definition of «restoration-reconstructive transformation» (RRT). Four interconnected systemic levels complex process restoration- reconstructive transformations historical centers small towns have been identified, namely: urban, volumetric, functional and socio-economic. general principles RRT are formulated. These of: «cumulative development» (the accumulation positive pr...

Many urban communities in the United States faced deteriorating physical infrastructure and social environment in the second half of the 20 century. To restore such inner city neighborhoods, many neighborhoods have adopted historic preservation as a means to both aesthetically and fiscally improve the condition. This paper studies a historic district in the Tree Streets neighborhood, Johnson Ci...

In urban aerial images, shadows cast by culture features due to solar orientation are usually homogenous and among the darkest regions in images and they make the feature under them unrevealed. This paper presents automatic procedures for shadow detection and radiometric restoration of features under cast shadows in color aerial images for solving problems caused by cast shadows in digital imag...