Inherent crystalline domains present in low formaldehyde to urea (F/U) molar ratio urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are responsible for their poor adhesion wood-based composite panels. To modify the crystallinity of (LMR) UF resins, this study investigates additional effect cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), such as microfibrils (CMFs), nanofibrils (CNFs), and TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TEMPO-CNFs) on modi...

Available data on the isotopic ratio See PDF for Equation of ammonia (r(a)) and that of urea (r(u)) after a single feeding of glycine, aspartic acid, and ammonium citrate are analyzed. From this analysis the following conclusions are drawn. 1. The isotopic ratio See PDF for Equation of ammonia (r(a)) is always higher than that of urea (r(u)) in the initial period after a single feeding of isoto...

1. Stable urea isotopes can be used to study urea kinetics in humans. The use of stable urea isotopes for studying urea kinetic parameters in humans on a large scale is hampered by the high costs of the labelled material. We devised a urea dilution for measurement of the distribution volume, production rate and clearance of urea in healthy subjects and renal failure patients using the inexpensi...

Urea is ubiquitously used as a protein denaturant. To study the structure and energetics of aqueous urea solutions, we have carried out molecular dynamics simulations for a wide range of urea concentrations and temperatures. The hydrogen bonds between urea and water were found to be significantly weaker than those between water molecules, which drives urea self-aggregation due to the hydrophobi...

Urea in renal medullas is sufficiently high to perturb macromolecules, yet the cells survive and function. The counteracting osmolytes hypothesis holds that methylamines, such as glycine betaine (betaine) and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) in renal medullas, stabilize macromolecules and oppose the effects of urea. Although betaine counteracts effects of urea on macromolecules in vitro and protects...

The absorption, translocation, and assimilation of urea, nitrate, and ammonium in tomato plants within 24 h after N labeled compounds were applied at four different growth stages: seedling, ̄owering, fruiting, and harvesting. The absorption of urea-N was only 25% of NO3-N at seedling stage, but it was up to about 80% of NO3-N at the subsequent growth stages. The translocation of urea-N was limit...

This research aims to formulate and characterize the alginate-starch micro beads as a slow release urea fertilizer, using CaCl2 extrusion technique. experiment also investigates effect of alginate starch composition on color, swelling ratio, biodegradability, entrapment efficiency release. The result study showed that turned darker in color diameter its wet dry ranges between 3.18-3.40 mm 1.12-...