Cytokines are upregulated in a variety of inflammatory conditions and cytokine/receptor interactions can activate JAK-STAT signaling. Previous studies demonstrated upregulation of numerous cytokines in the urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. The role of JAK-STAT signaling in urinary bladder inflammation and referred somatic sensitivity has not been addressed. The ...

Mucosal pathogens trigger a local innate host response by activating epithelial cells. Bacterial adherence and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling have been implicated as key events in this process. This study addressed the molecular basis of the epithelial response to gram-negative infection in the human urinary tract. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from kidneys, ureters, and bladders of pat...

Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a globally dominant multidrug resistant clone associated with urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Most ST131 strains exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause infections associated with limited treatment options. The largest sub-clonal ST131 lineage is resistant to fluoroquinolones, contains the type 1 fimbriae fimH30 allele and exp...

BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC) is a multifactorial syndrome of severe pelvic and genitalia pain and compromised urinary function; a subset of IC patients present with Hunner's lesions or ulcers on their bladder walls (UIC). UIC is diagnosed by cystoscopy, which may be quite painful. The objective of this study was to determine if a calculated Bladder Permeability De...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common and tend to have a more complicated course in patients with diabetes mellitus than in the general population. The mechanisms that potentially contribute to the increased prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in these patients are defects in the local urinary cytokine secretions and an increased adherence of the microorganisms...

A major toxicity of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin is acute renal failure. Sepsis is a common cause of acute renal failure in humans and patients who receive cisplatin are at increased risk for sepsis. Accordingly, this study examined the interactions between cisplatin and endotoxin in vivo with respect to renal function and cytokine production. Mice were treated with either a sing...

Bacterial growth in multicellular communities, or biofilms, offers many potential advantages over single-cell growth, including resistance to antimicrobial factors. Here we describe the interaction between the biofilm-promoting components curli fimbriae and cellulose of uropathogenic E. coli and the endogenous antimicrobial defense in the urinary tract. We also demonstrate the impact of this in...

Inflammasomes are supramolecular structures that sense molecular patterns from pathogenic organisms or damaged cells and trigger an innate immune response, most commonly through production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, but also through less understood mechanisms independent of these cytokines. Great strides have been made in understanding these structures and their dysfuncti...

OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted from mononuclear cells. Serum concentration of IL-18 is a strong predictor of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that microinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy as well as of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the serum lev...

how to cite this article: shakiba m. diagnosis in lysosomal disorders. iran j child neurol autumn 2012; 6:4 (suppl. 1):15- 16. pls see pdf.