A procedure for estimating 24 hour urine output in infants using disposable nappies has been validated. In addition, it has been shown experimentally that the urinary concentrations, and hence 24 hour outputs of a range of constituents (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, creatinine, urea, amino acids, and deuterium oxide), may be measured accurately using samples of urine obtained from nappies. It is...

Objective studies of men's reproductive function are hindered by their reliance on: (i) self-reporting to quantify sexual activity and (ii) masturbation to quantify sperm output rendering both types of estimate vulnerable to unverifiable subjective factors. We therefore examined whether detection of spermatozoa and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in urine could provide objective ...

A 5-year-old boy came to our outpatient clinic because of polyuria and polydipsia. His urine output was approximately 3.5 L/d. His laboratory data showed normal serum electrolytes and osmolality. The boy later suffered from vomiting and general weakness. He visited our emergency department and was hospitalized because of severe hypokalemia (1.9 mmol/L). His blood pressure was 105/ 73 mmHg. The ...

INTRODUCTION The Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Disease (RIFLE) is a consensus-based classification system for diagnosing acute kidney insufficiency (AKI), based on serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output criteria (RIFLESCr+UO). The urine output criteria, however, are frequently discarded and many studies in the literature applied only the SCr criteria (RIFLESCr). We diagnosed...

Amin A. Nanji, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver V5Z1M9 (Canada) Dear Sir, Analytical and biologic variations in serum and urinary creatinine may account for up to 33% variability in creatinine clearance calculations [1]. We wish to report on the marked variability of creatinine clearance in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 18 of 93 patien...

BACKGROUNDS Criteria that may guide early renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) currently do not exist. METHODS In 120 consecutive patients with AKI, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed on admittance. The prognostic power of those parameters which were significantly different between the two groups was analyzed by receiver operator charac...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of oral clonidine as a premedicative drug on 24-hour urine output, urine specific gravity, plasma renin activity as well as serum and urine electrolytes levels. METHODS This prospective study was carried out on 60 women aged 20-40 years old undergoing repair of cystocoele-rectocoele perineorraphy under general anaesthesia in Asali Hospital in 2004 in Khorramabad...

BACKGROUND scoliosis correction surgery is common in children, and adolescents. Deliberate hypotension is indicated in scoliosis correction procedures, because bloodless field is needed for exposure of the nerve roots, and to decrease the need for blood transfusion. Protection of the kidneys during deliberate hypotension is essential. The ideal hypotensive drug maintains the renal function and ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if aminophylline administration is associated with improved creatinine clearance and greater urine output in children with acute kidney injury in the cardiovascular ICU. DESIGN Single-center retrospective cohort study. SETTING Pediatric cardiovascular ICU, university-affiliated children's hospital. PATIENTS Children with congenital or acquired heart disease in the c...