introduction: the purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the periodontal condition of intruded molars in various phases of treatments. methods: 30 patients with at least one overerupted upper first molar were selected. upper molar bands with brackets were cemented. two miniscrews were placed in the mesiopalatal and mesiobuccal aspect of the aforementioned teeth. a titanium molybdenum...

Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by most cell types. Exosomes contain various functional proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. How we should store the samples before RNA isolation and whether those long term stored samples could be used for circulating RNA investigation because of RNase is unknown. The aim of the st...

Commercial nucleic acid extraction kits are a cost effective, efficient and convenient way to isolate DNA and RNA from bacteria. Despite the increasing importance of the gastrointestinal pathogen, Clostridium difficile, and the increased use of nucleic acids in its identification, characterization, and investigation of virulence factors, no standardized or recommended methods for nucleic acid i...

conclusions the homemade kit, compared with the imported kit and biopsy-proven tests may be a valid and reliable method for determining the presence of h. pylori infection in iran. background current diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection by biopsy-based tests requires invasive sampling. non-invasive methods such as the h. pylori stool-antigen (hpsa) test may be the best alternative for dia...

tristeza caused by citrus tristeza virus (ctv), is the most important viral disease of citrus worldwide. serious damages of the disease have been reported from many citrus growing areas of the world. ctv particles are restricted to phloem and are transmitted by aphids in a semipersistent manner. ctv was introduced from japan to mahdasht orchards in mazadaran province in 1969. its natural spread...

background: this study was conducted to determine of molecular epidemiology of the giardia lamblia by pcr-rflp method in tehran, capital of iran. methods: thirty eight stool samples were randomly selected from 125 patients diagnosed with giardiasis using microscopy in tehran. dna extraction of some samples were performed by phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol method and to raise the sen­sitivity ...

background: primary stability is an important factor for the clinical success of orthodontic mini-screws. the present study made an attempt to evaluate the effect of insertion angle changes on the maximum insertion and removal torque of orthodontic mini-screws. materials and methods: in this experimental study, 72 mini-screws (dual top anchor system, jeil, 1.6 mm diameter, 8 mm length) were use...