The sequence of three mitochondrial genes viz., 16S rRNA, Cyt b, COI and one nuclear gene, 28S rRNA of Coranus Curtis species downloaded from the GenBank were subjected to phylogenetic analyses to understand the intrageneric and intraspecific variations and the role of geographical isolation on speciation using CLUSTAL W in MEGA version 5.6. This analysis includes thirteen species of Coranus Cu...

We sampled six olive cultivars (Tavli Sati, Sati, Gorvela, Sacakli Otur, Butko, and Otur) from Coruh Valley, located in the northeast part of Turkey, and characterized them using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Some morphological and biochemical characteristics are also determined. Six AFLP primer combinations were used for molecular characterization and 66 AFLP markers w...

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine genetic diversity twenty four Boro rice landraces using genome specific twelve well known SSR markers.
 Study Design: Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and data analysis-these steps were followed perform research work. Data analysed with help following software; POWERMAKER version 3.25, AlphaEase...

The present study examined the relationship among individual Sarcoptes scabiei mites from 13 wild mammalian populations belonging to nine species in four European countries using the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as genetic marker. The ITS-2 plus primer flanking 5.8S and 28S rDNA (ITS-2+) was amplified from individual mites by polymerase chain reacti...

Ten fungal isolates from coffee beans were morphologically identified as Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus and A. carbonari-us (N = 5, 3, and 2, respectively). Only one isolate, morphologically identified as A. niger, was unable to produce ochratoxin A (OTA). This may be a new species in the Aspergillus section Nigri. OTA levels in all the other isolates were above the limit of detection (0.15 mg...

For a study of diversity and genetic structuring in Melipona quadrifasciata, 61 colonies were collected in eight locations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. By means of PCR analysis, 119 ISSR bands were obtained, 80 (68%) being polymorphic. H(e) and H (B) were 0.20 and 0.16, respectively. Two large groups were obtained by the UPGMA method, one formed by individuals from Januária, Urucuia, R...

In this chapter the fundamental aspects involved in biological treatment processes applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters are described. A comprehensive review of the literature is provided including kinetic, microbiological and biochemical aspects of nitrification, denitrification and anammox, as well as key operational parameters affecting the processes. This information is rele...