Anti-reflection (AR) coating is an excellent spectacle lens option for increasing luminous transmission of the lens, reducing glare, and enhancing the cosmetic appearance of the wearer [4]. It is recommended for virtually all types of eyewear, including clear lenses for general, everyday use as well as nighttime driving; photochromic lenses for patients who frequently move between indoors and o...

The link between chronic sun exposure of human skin and harmful clinical consequences such as photo-aging and skin cancers is now indisputable. These effects are mostly due to ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, 320-400 nm and UVB, 280-320 nm). The UVA/UVB ratio can vary with latitude, season, hour, meteorology and ozone layer, leading to different exposure conditions. Zenithal sun exposure (for exampl...

Introduction: Ultraviolet index (UVI) is a dimensionless scale, which describes the maximum intensity and biologic effects of UV during a specific time, on surface of the earth. The UVI is  an  international  standard measurement of  the  strength  of sunburn  producing ultraviolet radiation at a particular place and time. This index is an easy and understandable concept for pr...

Hatching success was examined under exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using filters to give three different light conditions [C1: UV-B, UV-A and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), C2: UV-A and PAR, C3: PAR] in red Pagrus major and black Acanthopagrus schlegeli sea bream. Hatching rate of both species was reduced by an exposure over a 2 day period to UVR and was not significa...

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated in cutaneous keratinocytes upon ultraviolet (UV) exposure and has been implicated in ultraviolet-(UV-)induced inflammation and skin tumorigenesis. Egfr mutant mice and EGFR inhibitors were used to investigate the hypothesis that EGFR activation augments inflammation following UV irradiation. Topical treatment of mouse skin with the EGFR i...

The optical properties of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) film have been characterized in order to develop an alternative method for UV dosimetry with a focus on long-term human exposure measurements. The dynamic range of PPO film was found to extend to 2 MJ m(-2) of broadband UV exposure independently of film thickness, providing an exposure range of roughly four summer days at su...

1. Despite the increasing occurrence of global environmental changes, including increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm), little is known about how factors such as UV-B affect animals physiologically. Amphibians provide a good model for examining physiological effects of UV-B exposure because studies documenting both lethal and sub-lethal effects have been completed on many speci...

A genetic screen for mutants of Arabidopsis that are hypersensitive to UV light was developed and used to isolate a new mutant designated uvhl. UV hypersensitivity in uvhl was due to a single recessive trait that is probably located on chromosome 3. Although isolated as hypersensitive to an acute exposure to UV-C light, uvhl was also hypersensitive to UV-B wavelengths, which are present in sunl...

Recent studies have demonstrated substantial effects of environmental stress that vary among clones. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an important abiotic stressor that is highly variable in aquatic ecosystems due to diel and seasonal variations in incident sunlight as well as to differences in the UV transparency of water among water bodies, the depth distribution of organisms, and th...