The present study aimed to assess the influence of curing distance on the loss of irradiance and power density of four curing light devices. The behavior in terms of power density of four different dental curing devices was analyzed (Valo, Elipar 2, Radii-Cal, and Optilux-401) using three different distances of photopolymerization (0 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm). All devices had their power density meas...

we introduce the notions of t-dual rickart and strongly t-dual rickart modules. we provide several characterizations and investigate properties of each of these concepts. it is shown that every free (resp. finitely generated free) $r$-module is t-dual rickart if and only if $overline{z}^2(r)$ is a  direct summand of $r$ and end$(overline{z}^2(r))$ is a semisimple (resp. regular) ring. it is sho...

PURPOSE The aim was to evaluate the effect of curing mode and different dentin surface pretreatment on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-adhesive resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six extracted human permanent molars were sectioned horizontally exposing flat dentin surface. The teeth were divided into 12 groups (3 teeth/group) according to the dentin surface pretreatment met...