BACKGROUND The role of the perception of breathing effort in the regulation of performance of maximal exercise remains unclear. AIMS To determine whether the perceived effort of ventilation is altered through substituting a less dense gas for normal ambient air and whether this substitution affects performance of maximal incremental exercise in trained athletes. METHODS Eight highly trained...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the oxygenation level in an inactive muscle during an incremental exercise test, determined by near-infrared spectroscopy, influences the maximal oxygen uptake (V ． o 2 max). The oxygenation level at the onset of incremental exercise was higher than that at rest and started to decrease at a high power output. A minimal level was observed at ...

this paper examines the accuracy of valuation models in providing reasonable estimation of the market values of listed companies in tehran stock exchange (tse). six valuation models including gordon growth model, two stage dividend discount model, adjusted present value, price to earning ratio and residual income were examined in this study. in addition, three proxies represent the market value...

Autor dokonuje przeglądu badań nad aktywnością turystyczną dochodząc do wniosku, że najlepiej specyfikę zachowań turystycznych oddają badania budżetowe czasu. Proponuje tych analiz wykorzystać metodę Maxa Webera tzw. typu idealnego. W zakończeniu artykułu przedstawiono charakterystyczne przykłady czasu jakościowego (wypoczynku, wakacji, szeroko pojętej turystyki).

This study aimed to determine the time-dependent effects of diaphragmatic inactivity on its maximum shortening velocity (V(max)) and the muscle atrophy F-box (MAF-box, atrogin-1) gene expression during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were grouped into 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days of CMV and controls in equal numbers. The in vitro isotonic contractile ...

It is unclear whether a relationship between physical activity (PA) and maximal oxygen uptake (V'(O2,max)) exists in cystic fibrosis (CF) and, if so, whether the relationship reflects a direct effect or is mediated by the effects of confounding variables, such as pulmonary or muscle function. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between PA and V'(O2,max) in CF wh...

CYP2C9 is a polymorphic enzyme that metabolizes a number of clinically important drugs. In this study, catalytic activities of seven alleles found in Japanese individuals, CYP2C9*3 (I359L), *13 (L90P), *26 (T130R), *28 (Q214L), *30 (A477T), *33 (R132Q), and *34 (R335Q), were assessed using three substrates (diclofenac, losartan, and glimepiride). When expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell syst...

STUDY OBJECTIVE In COPD, it has been shown that peripheral muscle dysfunction is a factor determining exercise intolerance. We examined the hypothesis that exercise capacity of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is, at least in part, determined by peripheral muscle dysfunction. METHODS Maximum oxygen uptake (V(O2)max) was evaluated in 41 consecutive patients with IPF, along wit...

The age and species dependent characteristics of cutaneous esterase activity were examined in cultured keratinocytes of neonatal and adult humans and of rats at the age of 1, 3, 10, and 50 d. The existence of esterases was characterized using fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate diacetate under a confocal laser scanning microscope. In vitro hydrolysis of ethyl nicotinate (EN), an esterified prodrug of ...