abstract background and aims: newcastle disease (nd) is a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and the pathogenicity of newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains varies with different virulence. we aim to detect lentogenic (low virulence) nd virus (nd/ir 2010) using sentinel birds and molecular detectio...

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an important respiratory infection causing considerable infant mortality worldwide. Recently, incidence has risen in countries with strong vaccine programmes and there are concerns about antigenic shift resulting in vaccine evasion. Interactions between pertussis and non-vaccine-preventable strains will play an important role in the evolution and population dyna...

H3N2 human influenza A virus causes epidemics of influenza mainly in the winter season in temperate regions. Since the antigenicity of this virus evolves rapidly, several attempts have been made to predict the major amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) in the target season of vaccination. However, the usefulness of predicted sequence was unclear because its relationship to the antigenic...

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) has been shown to generate a robust immune response among fully vaccinated individuals; however, among U.S. service members, HPV vaccine completion rates are low. This study compared the immunogenicity of HPV4 vaccine among partially and fully vaccinated service members at 4-6 years post-vaccination. A random sample was obtained of 2,091 fema...

Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, results in substantial economic losses in swine producing countries worldwide. Although a number of different vaccine approaches have been explored with regard to this disease, they show limitations and none of them have reached the market. We here determine the vaccine potential of a weakly haemolytic B. hyodysenteriae strain. The virulence...

Immunogenic killed vaccine against African Horse Sickness can ce prepared from a neurotropic vaccine strain or a virulent strain of virus, type 9, grown in a monkey kidney stable cell line. Virus was inactiv:ttd with either formaldehyde in a final concentration of 1 :8000 or j3-propiolactone at 0.2 per cent. In order to enhance the immunogenicty of the product, aluminium hydroxide was added to ...

To combat the possibility of a zoonotic H5N1 pandemic in a timely fashion, it is necessary to develop a vaccine that would confer protection against homologous and heterologous human H5N1 influenza viruses. Using a replicating modified vaccinia virus Tian Tan strain (MVTT) as a vaccine vector, we constructed MVTTHA-QH and MVTTHA-AH, which expresses the H5 gene of a goose-derived Qinghai strain ...

Rapid detection and differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) involved in the disease outbreak is very important for controlling disease and developing new vaccines. In the present study, three regions of the genome of IBV vaccine and field isolates including S1 gene, gene 3 and nucleocapsid (N) gene along with 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) were amplified and subjected to restricti...

Systemic fungal infections are becoming more common and difficult to treat, and vaccine prevention is not available. Pulmonary infection with the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis often progresses and requires treatment to prevent fatality. We recently created a recombinant strain of the fungus lacking the WI-1 adhesin and pathogenicity. We show here that administration of viable yeast ...

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are members of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of the Herpesviridae, and their properties of latency, large DNA size, gene redundancy, and ability to be cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) suggest their utility as vaccine vectors. While the K181 strain of murine CMV (MCMV) is widely used to study MCMV biology, a BAC clone of this virus had not previously b...