Releases of hydrocarbons from oil spills have large environmental impacts in both the ocean and atmosphere. Oil evaporation is not simply a mechanism of mass loss from the ocean, as it also causes production of atmospheric pollutants. Monitoring atmospheric emissions from oil spills must include a broad range of volatile organic compounds (VOC), including intermediate-volatile and semivolatile ...

In this work, an alternative route to fabricating high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 thin films is proposed. Single-source physical vapour deposition (SSPVD) without a post-heat-treating process was used to prepare CH3NH3PbI3 thin films at room temperature. This new process enabled complete surface coverage and moisture stability in a non-vacuum solution. Moreover, the challenges of simultaneously control...

Titanium dioxide has been a favored high index material by some, but it appears to be less popular with others because of difficulties in obtaining a stable result. We discuss what we think is the root of the problem and how it may be rectified. The need to have negligible absorption places a lower limit on the background oxygen pressure and some constraints on temperature and deposition rate. ...

The structural-phase transformations induced by air annealing of SiO x and SiO x  < Er,F > films were studied by the combined use of infrared spectroscopy and ellipsometry. The films were prepared using vacuum evaporation of SiO powder and co-evaporation of SiO and ErF3 powders. The annealing took place at moderate temperatures (750 and 1000 °C). It was found that the micro- and macrostructure ...

The mechanisms which give rise to Hawking radiation are revealed by analyzing in detail pair production in the presence of horizons. In preparation for the black hole problem, three preparatory problems are dwelt with at length: pair production in an external electric field, thermalization of a uniformly accelerated detector and accelerated mirrors. In the light of these examples, the black hol...

THE deposition of organic semiconductors, e.g. Pentacene (C22H12) and Alq31, becomes more and more important. Due to lower process temperatures, the manufacturing of organic electronic devices such as light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and thin film transistors (OTFTs) is less energy consuming. Additionally, these low temperatures also make it possible to use flexible substrates, e.g. plastic films,...