Obesity in India has reached epidemic proportions in the 21 century and is following a trend of other developing countries that are steadily becoming more obese. It is a complex multifactorial disorder affecting 20 per cent to 40 per cent of adults in India. The prevalence of obesity is more among women. The prevalence of being overweight and obesity is higher among postmenopausal women. Menopa...

In the historical period it was commonly held that estrogen had two principal benefits to postmenopausal women: 1) To alleviate the constitutional symptoms related to the climacteric such as vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes), night sweats, somnolence, and vaginal dryness; and, 2.) To work in concert with weight-bearing exercise and diet replete with calcium to decrease or minimize their role in ...

INTRODUCTION In women aged 50 years and over attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) department the commonest presentation was with symptoms of vulval soreness, irritation or dryness. Atrophic vulvovaginitis (AVV) was the commonest diagnosis made. This study was undertaken to determine if the presence of AVV was related to the use, or not, of systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHO...

Purpose: To correlate corneal endothelium cell density with dry eye disease compared to an age-matched control group. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 eyes of 75 female students aged 19-25 years who did not have any history of eye injuries or eye disease affecting the corneal endothelium cell density, were recruited from KSU Female Campus. They were divided i...

The menopause, defined as the end of the last menstrual period, occurs at a median age of 53 years (Hardy 2005). The change in hormone levels during the perimenopause and menopause, particularly the decline in levels of oestrogen, can cause acute menopausal symptoms; for example, about 30–70% of women in Western countries will experience vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats ...

OBJECTIVE Few studies exist on sexual activity and functioning in female patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma). We studied the patient-reported impact of SSc on sexual functioning among female patients. METHODS 101 SSc patients completed the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Function in Scleroderma (FSFS) questionnaires. RE...

PURPOSE Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as the cessation of the ovarian function before the age of 40 years. POI aetiology may be related to iatrogenic or endogenous factors and in many cases remains unclear. The aim of this review was to characterize the long-term consequences of POI. METHODS The available literature regarding the long-term consequences of POI from MEDLINE h...