Background Left ventricular cavity dimensions and volumes are useful parameters to diagnose and monitor cardiac pathologies which lead to LV volume overload. 2-D echo/ Doppler is the most commonly used imaging modality to assess LV volume overload in patients with valvular regurgitant disease. However, 2-D echo suffers from inherent limitations related to adequacy of the intercostal echo window...

Chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs and is characterized by degenerative valvular changes causing progressive thick‐ ening of mitral leaflets and incomplete closure of mitral valve. As the disease progresses, it causes congestive heart failure (CHF) and pulmonary edema if the LA dilation cannot accommodate the volume overload by mitral ...

We report a relatively rare case of acute aortic regurgitation due to spontaneous laceration of aorta without dissecting aneurysm. A 73-year-old male who had complained of sudden onset of chest discomfort was admitted to our hospital, and severe aortic regurgitation with aortic valve prolapse was detected by echocardiography. There were not any echographic and radiographic evidences of dissecti...

A 67-year-old female presented with progressive dyspnea. Physical examination was significant for a wide pulse pressure and a murmur of aortic regurgitation. Five years earlier, she received a bileaflet mechanical aortic valve prosthesis (St. Jude) for symptomatic aortic stenosis. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed findings of severe prosthetic valve regurgitation (Fig. 1, movie clip S1)...

Valvular endocarditis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity. It is usually manifest in the context of disseminated tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. This report describes a unique case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent man with an incidental finding of tuberculous valvular endocarditis. The patient had a large mass on the anterior mitral leaflet and severe mitral ...

The afterload-corrected end-systolic volume index (ratio of end-systolic stress to endsystolic volume index [ESS/ESVI]) was previously useful in predicting outcome in patients with mitral regurgitation undergoing valve replacement. Therefore we tested ESS/ESVI together with standard hemodynamic variables as possible predictors of outcome in 39 patients with various valvular lesions who underwen...

An inverted Edwards SAPIEN 23 mm valve was implanted in a 14-year-old patient with Ebstein's anomaly who received a Medtronic Mosaic 25 mm valve 8 years earlier and presented with significant progressive symptoms related to severe valvular regurgitation and moderate stenosis. The procedure was performed via the femoral vein using the RetroFlex 3 system and predilatation of the tricuspid valve, ...

As a progressive atrial myopathy, the etiopathogenesis of AF is multifactorial. For example, valvular heart disease are found in 30% of AF patients and in mitral stenosis and/or regurgitation chronic atrial stretch is a well known pathophysiological factor in the occurrence of AF [1,3,4]. Indeed, mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation, calcification of the mitral annulus, tricuspid...

Mitral regurgitation is the most prevalent valvular heart disease worldwide. Despite the widespread availability of curative surgical intervention, a considerable proportion of patients with severe mitral regurgitation are not referred for treatment, largely due to the presence of left ventricular dysfunction, advanced age, and comorbid illnesses. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a pro...

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a frequent complication of left ventricular (LV) global or regional pathological remodeling due to chronic coronary artery disease. It is not a valve disease but represents the valvular consequences of increased tethering forces and reduced closing forces. IMR is defined as mitral regurgitation caused by chronic changes of LV structure and function due to ...