We have used the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser and the gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser with flexible fiber delivery instruments for vaporization of the inferior nasal turbinate in pediatric patients since 1993. Under endoscopic control, the whole inferior turbinate was vaporized by 5-10 W laser output delivered via an optical fiber. Generally, the nasal mucosa changes into normal...

Architectural patterns(styles) are important artifacts containing specialized design knowledge to build good-quality systems. Complex systems often exhibit several architectural patterns in their design which leads to the need of architectural pattern composition. Unfortunately, information about the composition of patterns tend to be vaporized right after the composition process which causes p...

Ultrasonic energy, provided by a commercially available water vaporizer, was used to vaporize methoxyflurane, halothane, and chloroform. The vaporizer was placed directly in the respiratory line, and the anaesthetic liquid was vaporized one drop at a time. Anaesthesia was maintained for periods up to 6 hr in horses, ponies, calves, sheep, dogs, and one pig. This method of vaporizing liquids is ...

A noble low NOx combustion technology, based on partial oxidation combustion concept in a fuel rich combustion zone, is successfully applied in this research. The burner is designed such that a portion of fuel is heated and pre-vaporized in the furnace then injected into a fuel rich combustion zone so that a partial oxidation reaction occurs. The effects of equivalence ratio, thermal load, and ...

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported and stored in liquid state at temperature of -163?C. In order to use directly its gaseous form, LNG must be vaporized, which requires the input heat. Ambient air vaporizers (AAVs) are commonly used for that purpose regasification stations. These heat exchangers consist longitudinally finned tubes with a large transfer surface area, provide high efficie...

Laxity and wrinkles of the lower eyelid skin are common manifestations of photoaging. They often appear earlier on the eyelids than on adjacent facial skin. The pulsed CO2 laser has been shown to tighten loose skin and reduce wrinkles in the periorbital region (Fitzpatrick 1996). The authors of this study suggested that the improvements were due to tissue-heating effects that vaporized intracel...

Amphiphilic lipids and hydrophobic proteins are vaporized at atmospheric pressure using nonresonant 70 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses followed by electrospray post-ionization prior to being transferred into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass analysis. Measurements of molecules on metal and transparent dielectric surfaces indicate that vaporization occurs through a nonthermal mechanism. ...

A flowing afterglow discharge ion source with NaF vaporized into the flow produces the expected stable anions F-(NaF),, as well as the unusual species Na(NaF); and (NaF); (n < 17). The dominance of (NaF); suggests that it has a particularly stable structure. A fixed-frequency laser has been used to photodetach electrons from mass-selected ion beams extracted from the flowing afterglow. Photoele...

The multiconformational landscape of the proteogenic amino acid aspartic acid, the simplest amino acid with two carboxylic groups, has been explored for the first time in the gas phase. Solid aspartic acid (m.p. > 300 degrees C) was vaporized by laser ablation and expanded in a supersonic jet where rotational spectra of various conformers were obtained by Fourier transform microwave spectroscop...

We demonstrate the operation of a device that can produce chitosan nanoparticles in a tunable size range from 50-300 nm with small size dispersion. A piezoelectric oscillator operated at megahertz frequencies is used to aerosolize a solution containing dissolved chitosan. The solvent is then evaporated from the aerosolized droplets in a heat pipe, leaving monodisperse nanoparticles to be collec...