Few therapeutic responses are more dramatic than the response to corticosteroids administered overnight to a drowsy and hemiplegic patient with a cerebral tumor, who next morning is alert with minimal neurological disability, even though this effect may be short lived. Unfortunately, no such dramatic response is seen in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke; but does this mean that such ...

PURPOSE To define the percentage of magnetization transfer of multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques, ischemic white matter lesions, and vasogenic edema to determine whether this measurement can help differentiate these entities. METHODS Findings were compared in 25 patients with proved MS, 20 patients with white matter ischemic lesions, and 72 patients with white matter edema (caused by tumors, inf...

OBJECTIVE We report a case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection as one possible trigger for Weston Hurst syndrome (acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis), a rare disorder of microvascular injury often described as a postinfectious complication of an upper respiratory illness. METHODS This is a case of a 27-year-old man presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 and an acute head CT revealing...

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the second most common primary brain tumor in adults. It usually affects the cerebral hemispheres of adults at the 6th or 7th decade of life. In comparison to adult population, GBM is rare in pediatrics and accounts for approximately 3% of all pediatric brain tumors. Pediatric glioblastoma was defined as...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological condition that involves the acute onset of headache, confusion, optical impairments, seizures with accompanying vasogenic edema on brain imaging. Here 12 years old male patient presented complaints swelling in face legs, headache vomitings. He had history fever, sore throat tonsillitis days back. On physical exam...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is unknown. Two primary hypotheses exist: 1) hypertension exceeding auto-regulatory limits leading to forced hyper-perfusion and 2) vasoconstriction and hypo-perfusion leading to ischemia with resultant edema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the catheter angiography (CA), MR angiography (MRA), and ...

Isolated brain stem lesions presenting with acute neurologic findings create a major diagnostic dilemma in children. Although the brain stem is frequently involved in ADEM, solitary brain stem lesions are unusual. We performed a retrospective review in 6 children who presented with an inflammatory lesion confined to the brain stem. Two children were diagnosed with connective tissue disorder, CN...

Brain microvessels possess barrier structures comprising tight junctions which are critical for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. Brain vascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke damage to blood-brain barrier, increase the vascular permeability, and then lead to vasogenic brain edema. Herein, we examined whether angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) could regulate zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2...

OBJECTIVE Previous studies show that vasogenic cerebral edema (CE) occurs during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treatment in children, but the role of intravenous fluids in contributing to CE is unclear. We used magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging to quantify subclinical CE in children with DKA randomized to 2 intravenous fluid regimens. METHODS Children with DKA were randomized to rec...