Specific parameters of cake filtration, such as the filter and medium resistances, can be determined using pressurized housing cell standardized in guideline VDI 2762 by measuring filtrate mass on a laboratory scale. For reproducible measurements an exact detection filtration start, improved test setup is presented compared with standard according to 2762. On basis without particle system filte...

Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis has been transformed from life-threatening conditions to chronic relapsing long-term diseases as a result of significant advances in immunosuppressive therapy. Although mortality still occurs, it is much less frequent, with an average 5-year survival of over 70 %. In the setting of chronic conditions, it becomes increasingly important to m...

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have been suggested for the environmental monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops due to their suitability as ecological indicators, and because of the possible adverse impact of the cultivation of current transgenic crops. The German Association of Engineers (VDI) has developed guidelines for the standardized monitoring of Lepidoptera describing the us...

The Na/K pump is a P-type ATPase that exchanges three intracellular Na(+) ions for two extracellular K(+) ions through the plasmalemma of nearly all animal cells. The mechanisms involved in cation selection by the pump's ion-binding sites (site I and site II bind either Na(+) or K(+); site III binds only Na(+)) are poorly understood. We studied cation selectivity by outward-facing sites (high K...

Tugger trains became a popular means of supply in material handling intensive production systems. In contrast to forklift trucks they interlink a supermarket with multiple delivery locations along a transport route in a milk-run. But the efficiency gain (higher transport capacity, reduced labor costs) has its price: Compared to forklift trucks, planning and dimensioning of in-plant milk-run sys...

Numerous experimental data on the rapid solidification of binary systems exhibit the formation of metastable solid phases with initial (nominal) chemical composition. This fact is explained by complete solute trapping leading to diffusionless (chemically partitionless) solidification at a finite growth velocity of crystals. Special attention is paid to developing a model of rapid solidification...

In Germany, several guidelines were developed to model the noise propagation pathway. The study compares the guidelines DIN 18005, RLS-90 and VDI 2714, all of which provide some kind of sound object line source suited to model street traffic noise. Differences between those guidelines are explained, and their effect on practical calculations is shown in a real-world situation, National Road N4,...