Sensory information is often acquired through active exploration. However, an animal's own movements may result in changes in patterns of sensory input that could interfere with the detection and processing of behaviorally relevant sensory signals. Neural mechanisms for predicting the sensory consequences of movements are thus likely to be of general importance for sensory systems. Such mechani...

Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) can reduce swimming performance by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. High concentrations of ROS can damage mitochondria, resulting in reduced ATP production. ROS can also damage muscle proteins, thereby leading to impaired muscle contractile function. We have shown previously that UV-B exposure reduces locomotor performance in mosquitofish (Gambu...

Coronal loops, seen in solar coronal images, are believed to represent emission from magnetic flux tubes with compact cross-sections. We examine the 3D structure of plasma above an active region a radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation locate volume counterparts for loops. In many cases, loop cannot be linked individual thin strand volume. While loops present synthetic bright structures fewer...

The swimming kinematics of prey capture was studied in short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius L.) acclimated for 6­8 weeks to either 5 °C or 15 °C (12 h:12 h light:dark) using 15 °C-acclimated shrimps as prey. Fish acclimated to 5 °C remained interested in feeding following an acute rise in temperature to 15 °C over 12 h. Prey capture was a stereotyped behaviour co...

J.J. Reilly documented in 2001 that a significant number of complex infrastructure projects substantially exceeded their budgets. He presented his findings at the March 2001 American Underground Construction Conference. Fryvbjerg published his results in “Underestimating Costs in Public Works, Error or Lie?” in the summer 2002 American Planning Association Journal. Flyvbjerg reported on the cos...

Although methods about building fish-like robots have attracted much research in recent years, new techniques are still required for developing superior robot fish. This paper presents a novel robot fish propelled by an active compliant propulsion mechanism. The key innovation is the combination of an active wire-driven mechanism with a soft compliant tail to accomplish subcarangiform swimming ...

Fish produce context-specific sounds during social communication, but it is not known how acoustic behaviors have evolved in relation to specializations of the auditory system. Butterflyfishes (family Chaetodontidae) have a well-defined phylogeny and produce pulsed communication sounds during social interactions on coral reefs. Recent work indicates that two sound production mechanisms exist in...

PREFACE The Asian race has a high prevalence of congenital entropion. It was reported that over 20% of Japanese children have congenital entropion at the age of 1 year. One of the structural causes of this condition is the development of epiblepharon, which attaches the lower eyelid to the upper eyelid, and is also common among Asians. However, designing a procedure for modifying an epicanthus ...