Bed stresses in the bottom boundary layer of the York River estuary, Va., were estimated from 3D near-bottom velocities measured by Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) and also by a profiling array of electromagnetic current meters. By assuming the measurements were made in a constant stress layer, four methods of stress estimation were evaluated using ADVs: (1) direct covariance (COV) measure...

The one-phase flow and the two-phase flow in a fluidic element are investigated by measuring Reynolds stress distributions of the main jets using the laser Doppler velocimeter. In the one-phase flow, a water flow jets from a main nozzle into water and in the two-phase flow, a water fiow jets into air. Some results with the one-phase flow are as follows. When either of the two control ports is c...