background: antiphospholipid antibodies (apl) are a heterogeneous family of anti-bodies associated with thrombosis and other complications. objective: to study the prevalence of apl in patients with thrombosis at aleppo university hospitals, syria. methods: one hundred and fifty-seven patients with venous and arterial thrombosis and 63 healthy controls were studied. anticardiolipin antibodies (...

INTRODUCTION Electrolyte abnormalities are one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The turnaround time for electrolyte reporting should be as low as possible. Electrolytes are measured conventionally in serum obtained from venous blood by electrolyte analyser which takes 20 to 30 min. Point of care analysers are now available where in electrolytes can be ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Passing from the supine to the upright position favors cerebral venous outflow into vertebral venous systems rather than into the internal jugular veins. We sought to determine venous connections between dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa and craniocervical vertebral venous systems. METHODS Corrosion casts of the cranial and cervical venous system were ...

Patients with venous disease often exhibit dermatological changes. Sometimes these skin changes are the only clue to an appropriate list of differential diagnoses. Venous insufficiency is the most common venous disease which presents with a range of skin changes. Most people are familiar with venous eczema, lipodermatosclerosis and venous ulcers as manifestations of long-term venous insufficien...

The venous system is, in many respects, more complex than the arterial system and a thorough understanding of venous anatomy, pathophysiology, and available diagnostic tests is required in the management of acute and chronic venous disorders. The venous system develops through several stages, which may be associated with a number of development anomalies. A thorough knowledge of lower extremity...

Background: Venous ulcers are a major problem for patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) such as varicose veins. Its treatment is very complex and requires great care, such that inappropriate responses to various medical and surgical treatment could change this condition. This report aims to provide clinical experiences of Iranian traditional medicine that ...

in order to determine the effect of valsalva maneuver and head rotation on the internal jugular vein (ijv) diameter and cross-sectional area and overlap with the carotid artery (ca) and find the best technique for safe cannulation of the ijv and decrease the risk of ca puncture, the diameter of both the ijv and the ca and percentage of overlap between the two vessels and cross-sectional area of...

Calf venous compliance improves with aerobic training and declines with age. Individuals with hypertension often have decreased arterial and venous compliance. Acute high consumption of NaCl may increase net transcapillary fluid filtration in the limbs, but it is unknown if this acutely high NaCl intake will alter non-invasive assessment of calf venous compliance. In humans, assessment of limb ...

OBJECTIVE There are wide differences in flow between vascular beds at rest, even more during stress. The hydrodynamic energy (Energy grade line or EGL) of venous outflows must also vary considerably between vascular beds. We explored the mechanism of venous admixture of differing energy flows using a mechanical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model simulated two venous flows coalescing at a ...