Venous shunt in cardiopulmonary physiology means that a fraction of the total cardiac output from the right side of the heart does not take part in gas exchange in the lungs and so passes unchanged into the arterial circulation (Berggren, 1942; Riley and Cournand, 1951; and Mcllroy, 1965). Since the shunted blood is mixed venous blood, the terms venous admixture, right-to-left shunt, and venous...

In this issue of AJNR, Wilms et al ( 1) add to the ongoing debate whether the venous angioma, more recently called developmental venous anomaly (2), can be symptomatic, whether it alone can bleed, or whether such hemorrhage occurs because of the concomitant occurrence of a cavernous angioma . This debate is not just semantic. It is essential to pathophysiologic understanding of a given lesion s...

Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Agenesis (UPAA) is a rare congenital anomaly during the 4 th  week of gestational age. It is defined as an absence of pulmonary parenchyma and its supporting artery. A 9-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of chronic cough. Chest examination showed a decrement in lung sound of right hemi-thorax with expiratory wheeze. Chest radiography (CXR) revealed a...

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) represents the most common congenital venous anomaly of the thoracic systemic venous return, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of individuals in the general population, and in up to 12% of individuals with other documented congential heart abnormalities. In this regard, there is very little in the literature that specifically addresses the potential importance...

A 31-year-old man came to the Veterans Administration Medical Center after 3-4 years of right frontal headaches that had been increasing in freq uency and intensity. No other complaints were noted . There was no history of migraine and family history was unremarkable. Physical examination including neurologic testing was completely normal. Init ial CT examination (not shown) was suspicious for ...