based on the standards for design of structures, any structure should be designated for seismic loads and any combinations containing seismic loads. for spectral analysis of a structure, the site effect is taken into account by considering its effects on the design spectra. because of different lateral and vertical stiffness of the soil layers underneath the structure, the design spectra are di...

Long waves caused by storm surges or river floods can significantly impact marine and fluvial structures such as bridge piers. Apart from the forces that they generate on structure, also contribute to formation of turbulent eddies downstream obstacle. This is relevant, in this way affect both an erodible bottom ecosystem. The present study describes a medium-scale experiment, which propagation ...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of vertical, horizontal, or combined vertical and horizontal plyometric training on muscle explosive, endurance, and balance performance. Forty young soccer players aged between 10 and 14 years were randomly divided into control (CG; n = 10), vertical plyometric group (VG; n = 10), horizontal plyometric group (HG; n = 10), and combined...

A 1:20 scaled three-bladed horizontal-axis tidal turbine is positioned in the wake flows of two wall-mounted obstacles: a square cylinder and combination cube front cylinder. The turbine's induction effects are examined with upstream flow measurements without operating at its optimal regime. In (at 0.07D hub extremity, D diameter), mean axial vertical velocities modified by whatever complexity ...

According to Alexander's law (AL), the slow phase velocity of nystagmus of vestibular origin is dependent on horizontal position, with lower velocity when gaze is directed in the slow compared with the fast phase direction. Adaptive changes in the velocity-to-position neural integrator are thought to cause AL. Although these changes have been described for the horizontal neural integrator, nyst...

to assess seismic hazard, it is essential to estimate the potential seismicity, particularly estimation of size of the largest earthquake that can be identified by a distinct fault or earthquake source. one of the methods applied to estimate magnitude of earthquake is use of empirical relationships between magnitude and fault parameters. fault parameters for the earthquakes from early instrumen...