most of the earth's crust contains fluids, and fractures are common throughout the upper part. they exist at a wide range of scales from micro-fractures within grains to major faults and shear zones that traverse the crust. in this paper, the stress-dependent permeability in fractured rock masses have been investigated considering the effects of nonlinear normal deformation and shear dilation o...

The core structures of screw and edge dislocations on the basal and prism planes in Mg, and the associated gamma surfaces, were studied using an ab initio method and the embedded-atom-method interatomic potentials developed by Sun et al and Liu et al. The ab initio calculations predict that the basal plane dislocations dissociate into partials split by 16.7 Å (edge) and 6.3 Å (screw), as compar...

Ultrashort pulsed laser photoinscription of Ti:Sapphire crystals may result in the self-organization of nanoscale material redistribution regions in regular patterns within the laser trace and stress-induced birefringence around the laser trace. We report on the formation of anisotropic optical waveguides in Ti:Sapphire by a procedure that involves femtosecond laser inscription of adjacent nong...

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is associated with ocular and systemic anomalies. PITX2 is known to be a major controlling gene in the pathogenesis of ARS and is associated with differentiation in both the neural crest and mesoderm during eye development. A 4-year-old girl with bilateral ARS had 20 prism diopters (PD) of exotropia with 30PD of A- pattern deviation, more than 20PD of dissociated ...

Ma te ri als and Met hods: Y-splitting surgery. Amount of additional recessions varied with the degree of preoperative deviation by intraoperative adjustable suture technique. Preoperatively 3 patients had esotropia (ET), 6 had exotropia (XT), and 3 patients had orthotropia. The mean preoperative deviation was 19.3 prism diopters (PD) (range, 18-20 PD) in ET patients and 19.2 PD (range, 16-20 P...

Mode-locked vertical-cavity lasers have a large cross-sectional area and consequently a large saturation energy and large peak powers. We analyze excess optical bandwidth generation in these lasers and find that self-phase modulation due to optical pumping and gain saturation is the dominant factor in inducing laser pulse chirping. The large magnitude of the chirp makes intracavity prism-pair c...

Abstract The article describes the calculating method for water flow discharge. This is based on “velocity-area” proportion. In proposed method, of passing through cross section channel represented as a body, volume which consists set elements in form truncated triangular prisms. side edges prism are velocity vectors measured at corresponding points. bases these prisms areas triangles, vertices...