We examined three-dimensional binocular positions in the alert and sleepy monkeys. In contrast to the tightly yoked eye movements observed in alertness, the eyes were usually converged, vertically misaligned and had a much larger torsional variability during light sleep. While in alertness eye position vectors were confined to fronto-parallel planes, the corresponding planes were rotated tempor...

PURPOSE To identify and explain the effects of eye and head position on smooth pursuit eye movements in normal humans. METHODS Horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit were measured in different eye-in-orbit positions in normal subjects, using a magnetic search coil technique with sinusoidal and step-ramp stimuli. Pursuit also was tested in different horizontal head-on-trunk positions. RESULT...

A modified tuning element for a Littrow external cavity laser is demonstrated using microelectromechanical systems technology. The device combines a vertically etched blazed grating, a compound flexure suspension and drive elements for translating and rotating the grating. Tuning is linearized by linking the grating to a remote actuator by a flexible linkage. A simple theoretical model of the l...

ABSTRACT Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries represent the main target for missions such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and Pulsar Timing Arrays. The understanding of their dynamical evolution prior to coalescence is therefore crucial improving detection strategies astrophysical interpretation gravitational wave data. In this paper, we use high-resolution N-body simulations model mer...

The trajectory of the heel and toe during the swing phase of human gait were analyzed on young adults. The magnitude and variability of minimum toe clearance and heel-contact velocity were documented on 10 repeat walking trials on 11 subjects. The energetics that controlled step length resulted from a separate study of 55 walking trials conducted on subjects walking at slow, natural, and fast c...