A 35-year-old Indian parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences with a history of blepharospasm and corneal lesion OS. Test with fluorescein dye was negative. The dense corneal opacity (macula) was identified as involving the posterior corneal layer. The further ophthalmic exami...

INTRODUCTION Ionophore antibiotics are widely used in veterinary medicine as anticoccidial drugs for poultry and as growth promoters for farm animals. The ionophores, despite their utility, possess a narrow range of safety; several species (horses in particular) appear highly susceptible to the toxic effects of these compounds, compared to other animal species. Thin layer chromatography method ...

Antibiotics are widely used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in medicine veterinary medicine, as well growth stimulants animal husbandry. The presence residual traces antibiotics products, further food products derived from it, poses a danger to both humans environment whole. irrational use agriculture stimulates emergence antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause anim...

Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have been a cornerstone in modern medicine and significantly improved global health. And while decades overuse, misuse abuse hospitals, general population, at an ever increasing rate, both when they are needed not, human beings animals accelerated emergence spread resistant bacteria. Indiscriminate use veterinary practice, animal feeds led to drug s...

1. Monensin (CAS 17090-79-8, CAS 22373-78-0 for sodium salt) is a polyether antibiotic from the group of carboxylic ionophores produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Monensin is used as the sodium salt. It is composed of the analogues A, B, C and D with monensin A being the major component (equivalent to 98%). The intended use as a veterinary medicinal product in lactating dairy cattle is as a...

Although intensive research and prevention measures have been carried out for decades to control bovine mastitis, it continues to cause the biggest economic impact to the dairy industry worldwide. Severe economic losses, which are estimated to be approximately $200/cow/yr in the United States, are due to reduced milk production, discarded milk, replacement costs, extra labor, treatment, and vet...

Most of the literature on the consequences of emergence and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics among animals relate to the potential impact on public health. But antibiotics are used to treat sick animals, and resistance in animal pathogens may lead to therapy failure. This has received little scientific attention, and therefore, in this article, we discuss examples that illustrate the...