The effect of rumen liquid volume, pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the rates of absorption of acetic, propionic and butyric acids from the rumen was examined in lactating dairy cows. Experimental solutions introduced into the emptied, washed rumen comprised two different volumes (10 or 30 l), four levels of pH (4.5, 5.4, 6.3, 7.2) and three levels of individual VFA concent...

Agricultural odors present an increasingly difficult challenge to livestock producers, yet very little information is available on the microbiology of odor production or microbial factors that regulate the emission of odors. This study examined the microbial potential for odor production and odor consumption in two soils from a cattle production facility in central Nebraska. The two soils teste...

Volatile fatty acids (VFA), produced in the rumen by microbial fermentation, are the main energy source for ruminants. The VFA profile, particularly the nonglucogenic (acetate, Ac; butyrate, Bu) to glucogenic (propionate, Pr) VFA ratio (NGR), is associated with effects on methane production, milk composition, and energy balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate extant rumen VFA stoichiomet...

Tandem mass spectrometry provides information on the dissociation pathways of gas-phase ions by providing a link between product ions and parent ions. However, there exists a distinct possibility that a parent ion does not dissociate directly to the observed product ion, but that the reaction proceeds through unobserved reaction intermediates. This work describes the discovery and kinetic analy...

The intercalation compounds of layered dichalcogenides MX2 (M = transition metal, X = S, Se) with Lewis base guest molecules have received considerable attention due to their interesting physical properties and structural anisotropy [1]. The most simple molecule that is known to intercalate is the thermodynamically stable compound NH3; extensive work has been devoted to the characterization of ...

Blood plasma concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the carotid artery, and the femoral, portal and hepatic veins were measured in pigs fed a low carbohydrate diet (LC group, n=3), and in those fed a high carbohydrate diet (HC group, n=4). The mean body weights at the sampling time were 33.1 for the LC group and 42.2 kg for the HC group. The hepatic endogenous production of not only ac...

The present study was designed to establish adequate criteria for categorizing 'obesity disease' in Japan in relation to obesity-related complications. The subjects were 1,193 Japanese subjects (775 men, 418 women; age: 20-84 years old, body mass index (BMI): 14.9-56.4 kg/m(2)) including subjects undergoing a health examination and obese subjects visiting an obesity clinic. Visceral fat area (V...

Three lamb metabolism experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of chronic administration of the novel urease inhibitor N (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on ruminal N metabolism, fermentation, and N balance. In Exp. 1, ruminally cannulated wethers (n = 28; 45.0 +/- .9 kg) were administered one of seven doses of NBPT (0 [control], .125, .25, .5, 1, 2, or 4 g of NBPT daily) a...

Our purpose is to evaluate bias and repeatability of the quantitative MRI sequences QRAPMASTER, based on steady-state imaging, variable Flip Angle MRF (MRF-VFA), transient response. Both techniques are assessed with a standardized phantom five volunteers 1.5 T 3 clinical scanners. All scans were repeated eight times in consecutive weeks. In phantom, mean bias±95% confidence interval for T1 valu...