Abstract: Video annotation (VA), a tool which allows commentaries to be synchronized with video content has recently received significant research attention in education. However, the application contexts of these studies are varied and fragmented. A review was therefore undertaken objectives find out extent use VA been explored for different instructional purposes summarize potential affordanc...

Automatic facial image analysis is a long standing research problem in computer vision. A key component in facial image analysis, largely conditioning the success of subsequent algorithms (e.g. facial expression recognition), is to define a vocabulary of possible dynamic facial events. To date, that vocabulary has come from the anatomically based Facial Action Coding System (FACS) or taxonomies...

Multihypothesis pictures are related to B pictures where two motion-compensated signals from previous and future reference frames are linearly combined for prediction. Multihypothesis pictures also linearly combine two motion-compensated signals but only from temporally previous reference frames. Consequently, multihypothesis pictures have the advantage that there is no extra coding delay like ...

In error prone environments not all the picture data can be received correctly during video transmission. Error propagation introduced by employing predictive coding may degrade the sequence quality severely. A novel method, called spare pictures, is proposed to indicate the similarity between a reference picture and other pictures. With the help of the signaled spare pictures information, rece...

This paper demonstrates a new application of computer vision to digital libraries { the use of texture for annotation, the description of content. Vision-based annotation assists the user in attaching descriptions to large sets of images and video. If a user labels a piece of an image as \water," a texture model can be used to propagate this label to other \visually similar" regions. However, a...

Automatic facial image analysis is a long standing research problem in computer vision. A key component in facial image analysis, largely conditioning the success of subsequent algorithms (e.g. facial expression recognition), is to define a vocabulary of possible dynamic facial events. To date, that vocabulary has come from the anatomically based Facial Action Coding System (FACS) or taxonomies...