We describe a model of Enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis in 2-week-old mice that shares many features with the human central nervous system (CNS) disease. Mice were infected via oral and parenteral routes with a murine-adapted virus strain originally from a fatal human case. The mice succumbed to infection after 2 to 5 days. Vacuolated and normal-appearing CNS neurons showed viral RNA and antige...

Protein microarrays have been developed to study antibody reactivity against a large number of antigens, demonstrating extensive perspective for clinical application. We developed a viral antigen array by spotting four recombinant antigens and synthetic peptide, including glycoprotein G of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2, phosphoprotein 150 of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rubella virus (RV) c...

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is a worldwide, multisystemic disease caused by a small ruminant lentivirus. Although the main route of transmission is oral, detection of proviral DNA of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in caprine semen has been previously described. However, the presence of viral antigens in the male reproductive tract has apparently never been reported. The obje...

The nature of an innate cellular resistance to HSV-1 of cultured murine oligodendrocytes (OLs) in three strains of mice (C57BL/6J, Balb/cByJ and A/J) was investigated. The expression of immediate early (ICP4), early (ICP8) and late (gC) antigens in primary OL cultures was studied using an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique. HSV-1 infected OLs from C57BL/6J mice showed no viral antigens ...

Detection of viral antigens in specimens without prior cultivation in cell culture provides the most rapid method for specific viral diagnosis. A solid-phase, double-antibody enzyme immunoassay was developed for this purpose and tested with clinical specimens containing influenza type A and adenovirus. Polystyrene microtiter wells were the solid phase and were coated with virus-specific guinea ...

In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying nonproducer Raji cells, the induction of the viral replicative cycle by chemical treatment is limited to only the early stage and viral DNA synthesis is totally inhibited. We previously showed the absence of two messenger RNAs that are encoded by the BamHI-A fragment of the EBV genome and that correspond to open reading frames BALF2 and BARF1 in chemically i...

Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a small DNA tumor virus that has been extensively characterized due to its relatively simple genetic organization and the ease with which its genome is manipulated. The large and small tumor antigens (T antigens) are the major regulatory proteins encoded by SV40. Large T antigen is responsible for both viral and cellular transcriptional regulation, virion assembly, vir...

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-immortalized B lymphocytes coexpress the EB viral latent gene products (EB viral nuclear antigens 1 to 6, the latent membrane protein and the terminal protein gene products) and the cellular activation antigen CD23. Immortalized B cells can be separated from those which are infected but not immortalized on the basis of CD23 expression as early as 2 days after in vitro in...

Interferon, when added to L cells, inhibited the synthesis of infectious Mengo viral ribonucleic acid, hemagglutinins, and infectious virus by 85 to 95%. Serum-blocking antigens were also reduced by the action of interferon, but threefold excess amounts of these antigens accumulated in interferon-treated cultures above the amounts expected for the quantity of infectious virus that was produced ...

Herpesvirus type 2 (HSV-2) has been associated with squamous cancer of the human cervix on the basis of seroepidemiological data. Findings providing information on the basis of the association of the HSV-2 genome with cervical cancer cells are presented. A herpesvirus isolated from de generated cervical tumor cells grown in vitro is identified as a type 2 on the basis of biological and immunolo...