The visual analogue scale (VAS) and ordered categorical scales, i.e. numeric rating scales (NRS), are commonly used in the assessment of pain. However, these scales are bounded by fixed endpoints and thus the range of measurement is limited. The disparity in repeated assessments of perceived pain intensity with the VAS, NRS, and electrical stimulation applied as a matching stimulus was studied ...

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of different wavelengths of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in the management of orofacial pain by measuring the pain reduction using visual analogue scale (VAS). Materials and methods: Study involved 20 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), 20 with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and 40 with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). 50 % of the patients in each syndrom...

Summary A cross-cultural translation of the Vespid Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (VQLQ) to the Portuguese population (VQLQ-P) was performed, assessing its applicability in wasp and in non-beekeeper bee venom allergic patients. Additionally, we evaluated a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to estimate hymenoptera allergy interference with daily life. Methods. Cross-cultural translation was per...

Background: Generally, conservative interventions including physiotherapy modalities and manual therapy have been recommended in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but this subject has not been studied in diabetic patients with CTS. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of manual therapy on diabetic patients with CTS. Methods: Thirty diabetic patients with...

OBJECTIVE Do intra-articular steroid injections relieve the pain of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee? DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Internet databases were searched for randomized controlled trials. STUDY SELECTION Five randomized controlled trials involving 312 patients were found. SYNTHESIS One week after injection, treated patients were less likely to have continuing pain and had ...

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by longstanding multifocal pain with generalized allodynia/hyperalgesia. There are several treatment methods but none has been specifically approved for this application. We conducted a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in FMS (HBO group: n = 26; control group: n = 24). Tender points and pain thresh...

Objective: A study was conducted to ascertain the impact of dysmenorrhea on quality life of adolescent girls of Chandigarh. Methods: Multistage stratified sampling was done and 5 sectors, 5 villages, 5 slums were selected by lottery method. Then from each area 20 respondents were selected by simple random sampling. A Self-designed interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 Adolescent ...