Pain is one of the most common symptoms, regardless of the specialty in which a patient is being treated. It should be routinely evaluated and recorded in daily clinical examination. In fact, pain has been promulgated as the ‘fifth vital sign’, in addition to the four traditional vital signs of temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. As well as improving patient comfort and sa...

When large amounts of brilliant vital red are injected into the blood stream of dogs, the dye is gradually removed from circulation, and most of it is deposited in numerous phagocytic cells which are scattered throughout various organs and tissues. The dye occurs largely in the form of tiny red granules crowded together in the cytoplasm of these cells. If Niagara sky blue, a closely related dye...

The field of vital statistics is as open to investigation, analysis and experimentation as it was three hundred years ago when John Graunt (1620 -1674) introduced the observations on the London Bills of Mortality. The research possibilities are sometimes overlooked by statisticians and demographers because the registration systems now established in developed countries seem routinized and steri...