We study the growth of fluctuations in collapsing cosmologies, extending old work of Lifschitz and Khalatnikov. As examples of systems where the fluctuations have a different composition than the background we study scalar fields with general improvement terms. Fluctuations always grow, and often dominate the homogeneous background. We argue that even for very dilute fluctuations, scattering pr...

A new study which combined associative memory tests with functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain has identified a potential neural correlate of the special association that is formed when an odor is first paired with a visual object. Odor memories in humans are likely to be processed by a separate memory system with distinctive features that make odor memories different from visual o...