Recent decades have highlighted the increasing need to connect and strengthen volcanology community at European level. Indeed, research in field is highly qualified Europe volcano monitoring infrastructures achieved valuable know-how, becoming state-of-the-art world. However, lack of common good practices sciences technologies, missing standards, as well a significant fragmentation requires coo...

One of the greatest remaining problems in modern volcanology is the process by which volcanic eruptions are triggered. It is generally accepted that eruptions are preceded by magma intrusion [Sigurdsson and Sparks, 1978]. The degree of interaction between previously ponded magma in a chamber and newly intruded magma determines the nature and rate of eruption and also the chemistry of erupted la...

Volcanic eruptions cause significant loss of lives and property around the world each year. Their importance is highlighted by the sheer number of volcanoes for which eruptive activity is probable. These volcanoes are classified as in a state of unrest. The Global Volcano Project maintained by the Smithsonian Institution estimates that approximately 600 volcanoes, many proximal to major urban a...

We present a frequency-independent three-dimensional (3-D) compressional wave attenuation model (indicated by the reciprocal of quality factor Qp) for Kı̄lauea Volcano in Hawai‘i. We apply the simul2000 tomographic algorithm to the attenuation operator t∗ values for the inversion of Qp perturbations through a recent 3-D seismic velocity model and earthquake location catalog. The t∗ values are me...

Gravimeters are used to measure density anomalies under the ground. They are applied in many different fields from volcanology to oil and gas exploration, but present commercial systems are costly and massive. A new type of gravity sensor has been developed that utilises the same fabrication methods as those used to make mobile phone accelerometers. In this study, we describe the first results ...

Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to P. Briole and G. Nunnari for their enthusiasm towards experimenting with GPS methodology on Mt. Etna since 1988 and for their work on making it a powerful tool for research and monitoring in volcanology. Sincere thanks are also due to Prof L. Villari for having started the ground deformation study on Sicilian volcanoes in the 1970s and for helping car...

Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A.D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y. Tree rings, medieval chronicles, and computational models corroborate the expected worldwide atmospheric and c...

The generation and evolution of Earth's continental crust has played a fundamental role in the development of the planet. Its formation modified the composition of the mantle, contributed to the establishment of the atmosphere, and led to the creation of ecological niches important for early life. Here we show that in the Archean, the formation and stabilization of continents also controlled th...

Multicondition-driven mechanisms may produce pyroclastic deposits varying in fundamental properties such as dispersal, grain size, vesicularity and morphology of juvenile clasts, and the abundance of lithic or ‘‘wall rock’’ ejecta (xenoliths). Volcanic ash particles from different fragmentation mechanisms have different surface textures and morphologies. The analysis of the volcanic clast shape...

Abstract Landslide is a geological disaster that still an interesting topic to study its behavior and management, especially for tropical climate regions such as Indonesia. One form of landslide countermeasures the mapping susceptibility. The most commonly used susceptibility method GIS-based weighting classification method. In method, each parameter class has definite weight in reference makin...