We investigated electrical bioimpedance as a potential measurement modality to assess residual-limb volume change in lower-limb amputees. Four strip electrodes were positioned across the anterior lateral to posterior lateral aspects of the proximal lower leg or residual limb such that the outer pair applied current and the inner pair sensed voltage. A commercial bioimpedance analyzer supplied c...

C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) can provide intraoperative 3D imaging capability for surgical guidance, but workflow and radiation dose are the significant barriers to broad utilization. One main reason is that each 3D image acquisition requires a complete scan with a full radiation dose to present a completely new 3D image every time. In this paper, we propose to utilize patient-specific CT or CBCT ...

While living systems have developed highly efficient ways to convert chemical energy (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) to mechanical motion (e.g., movement of muscle), it remains a challenge to build muscle-like biomimetic systems to generate mechanical force directly from chemical reactions. Here we show that a continuous flow of reactant solution leads to by far the largest volume change to date in auto...

To understand ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) during positive pressure ventilation, mechanisms of normal alveolar mechanics must first be established. Isotropic "balloonlike" alveolar volume (VA) change has been viewed as the prevailing mechanism of normal lung volume (VL) changes. We hypothesized that change in VL is predominantly caused by alveolar recruitment-derecruitment (R/D). Fifte...

Management of residual limb volume affects decisions regarding timing of fit of the first prosthesis, when a new prosthetic socket is needed, design of a prosthetic socket, and prescription of accommodation strategies for daily volume fluctuations. This systematic review assesses what is known about measurement and management of residual limb volume change in persons with lower-limb amputation....

where d is the distance between the center of masses of the two symmetrical halves of the CSAs. Critical to the use of this theorem is the determination of the exact center of mass of each CSA (6, 7). The authors did not specify how the center of mass was determined nor the accuracy, precision, and variation of this measurement in the bovine lens. There are additional significant deficiencies w...

The matrix volume is a generalization, to rectangular matrices, of the absolute value of the determinant. In particular, the matrix volume can be used in change-of-variables formulæ, instead of the determinant (if the Jacobi matrix of the underlying transformation is rectangular). This result is applicable to integration on surfaces, illustrated here by several examples. SIAM J. Matrix Analysis...

The increase in the standard partial molar volume of a symmetrical electrolyte on ion-pairing, A V, calculated from the experimental association constant at ambient pressure, the isothermal compressibility, the dielectric constant of the solvent and its pressure coefficient, is as good a measure of this quantity as values calculated from more elaborate experimental procedures, such as the press...

The mechanical behavior of compressible clay soils may be strongly influenced by physicochemical effects when concentrated pore fluids are introduced to the soil. Conceptual models have been used to explain the influence of pore fluid chemistry on the mechanical behavior of clays in a qualitative way. In this paper an alternate macroscopic description of the osmotic volume change behavior of a ...

A volume change index is suggested that is derived from growth components that can be estimated from remeasured plots. The new index incorporates more information than the traditional growth over removals ratio. The new index directly indicates whether the standing volume will be increasing or decreasing if current conditions persist, whereas the ratio of growth over removals obscures the impac...