some applications are critical and must designed fault tolerant system. usually voting algorithm is one of the principle elements of a fault tolerant system. two kinds of voting algorithm are used in most applications, they are majority voting algorithm and weighted average algorithm these algorithms have some problems. majority confronts with the problem of threshold limits and voter of weight...

The Borda count is a positional voting system that favors ‘consensual’ candidates with broad support while plurality instead biased towards ‘polarizing’ ones strong support. Our article focusses first on developing indices for quantifying bias and then vector analysis design, seeking to find an intermediate evenly balanced between consensus polarization. are based the preference weightings of n...

During the last decade, Internet-voting (i-voting) moved from the field of fundamental research to practical application. First, we will see that theoretical research provides satisfying algorithms for some of the challenges raised by i-voting and that some real world experiments have already been developed and performed. Unfortunately, in current i-voting systems, the citizen loses his/her con...

India is the world’s largest democracy with a population of more than 1 billion; India has an electorate of more than 668 million and covers 543 parliamentary constituencies. Voting is the bridge between the governed and government. The last few years have brought a renewed focus on to the technology used in the voting process. The current voting system has many security holes, and it is diffic...

In parliaments elected by proportional systems the seats are allocated to the political parties roughly proportionally to the shares of votes for the party lists obtained in elections. Assuming that members of the parliament representing the same party are voting together, it has sense to require that distribution of the influence of the parties in parliamentary decision making is proportional ...

Electoral control models ways of changing the outcome of an election via such actions as adding/deleting/partitioning either candidates or voters. These actions modify an election’s participation structure and aim at either making a favorite candidate win (“constructive control”) or prevent a despised candidate from winning (“destructive control”), which yields a total of 22 standard control sc...

The relatively new weighted voting theory applies to many important organizations such as the United States Electoral College and the International Monetary Fund. Various power indexes are used to establish a relationship between weights and influence; in 1965, the Banzhaf Power Index was used to show that areas of Nassau County were unrepresented in the county legislature. It is of interest to...

In parliaments elected by proportional systems the seats are allocated to the political parties roughly proportionally to the shares of votes for the party lists obtained in elections. Assuming that members of the parliament representing the same party are voting together, it has sense to require that distribution of the influence of the parties in parliamentary decision making is proportional ...