BACKGROUND Vaccine efficacy (VE) against vulvar human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has not been reported and data regarding its epidemiology are sparse. METHODS Women (n = 5404) age 22-29 present at the 4-year study visit of the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial provided vulvar and cervical samples. A subset (n = 1044) was tested for HPV DNA (SPF10/LiPA25 version 1). VE against 1-time detection of v...

                                                                                       Background: With 6,020 new cases and 1,150 deaths annually in the United States, vulvar cancer is uncommon, resulting in age-adjusted incidence rates of 2.8 and 1.7 per 100,000 in white and black women, respectively. Vulvar cancer represents about 4% to 6% of malignancies of th...

OBJECTIVE This observational study was to identify risk factors for vulvar cancer recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study 107 patients with primary vulvar cancer were analyzed. Surgical treatment consisted of radical excision of the primary tumor in combination with unilateral or bilateral superficial and deep inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions. Patients with dee...

OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause for cervical cancer, and it has been associated with vulvar and vaginal cancer and vulvar (VIN) and vaginal (VaIN) and anal (AIN) intraepithelial neoplasia. We assessed the prevalence of HPV (and the types) to estimate the possible effect of a HPV vaccine on lower genital tract disease prevention. METHODS Two hundred fifty-eight sample...

Endometriosis is a commonly encountered benign gynecological disease, involving extrauterine growth of both endometrial glands and elements of endometrial stroma. The vulva is not exempt from endometriotic disease. However rare, endometriosis may occur in the Bartholin gland, in episiotomy scars, postoperative perineal incision sites and vulvar lacerations. Risk factors for vulvar endometriosis...

Cancer of the vulva accounts for at least 1% of malignant neoplasms among women. Although rare, vulvar melanoma is the second most common histological type of vulvar cancer, representing 7-10% of all malignant vulvar neoplasms. Initial symptoms are non-specific and complete excision of the lesion is indicated in cases with suspected diagnosis. Prognosis of patients with these neoplasms is poor ...

Background Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare skin neoplasm that has not been characterized on molecular basis. Aim To assess expression profiles of Hedgehog (HH) signalling molecules in MAC and control tumours. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed for Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH), Patched 1 (PTCH1) Smoothened (SMO) patient tissue (n = 26) tumour tissue, including syringoma (SyG; ...

We report the first case of bilateral adnexal torsion complicated by concomitant entanglement of both adnexas. The clinical presenting symptoms and signs were similar to those described in unilateral adnexal torsion without adnexal entanglement. The final diagnosis was established by diagnostic laparoscopy, and aspiration of one of the ovarian cysts was required to disentangle the adnexas.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva occurs in patients who have undergone radical hysterectomy, lymph node dissection, or radiation therapy for management of advanced uterine cancer. Since vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum typically presents as multiple, grossly verrucous vesicles of various sizes, it may be impossible to clinically distinguish vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum from othe...

BACKGROUND vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a non-invasive precursor lesion found in 50-70% of patients affected by vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. In the past, radical surgery was the standard treatment for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, however, considering the psychological and physical morbidities related to extensive surgery, several less aggressive treatment modalities have been pro...