Turbulent wake is crucial for the visually appealing effects of liquid. Unfortunately, it is challenging to realistically simulate this phenomenon with ring-shaped vortical structures. To tackle this issue, we propose a filament-based turbulent wake synthesis method for realistically simulating the turbulent wake with ring-shaped vortical structures. The filaments are sampled at the separation ...

Recent experimental studies investigating the neuronal regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have identified mutually inhibitory synaptic projections among REM sleep-promoting (REM-on) and REM sleep-inhibiting (REM-off) neuronal populations that act to maintain the REM sleep state and control its onset and offset. The control mechanism of mutually inhibitory synaptic interactions mirrors...

The pineal hormone melatonin is a popular treatment for sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. Melatonin administered at optimal times of the day for treatment often results in a prolonged melatonin profile. In photoperiodic (day length-dependent) species, changes in melatonin profile duration influence the timing of seasonal rhythms. We investigated the effects of an artificially prolonged mel...

OBJECTIVE To address whether neighborhood factors, together with older adults' levels of health and functioning, suggest new combinations of risk factors for falls and new directions for prevention. To explore the utility of Grade-of-Membership (GoM) analysis to conduct this descriptive analysis. METHOD This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 884 people aged ≥65 years from Alameda Cou...

We experimentally explore the rich variety of nonlinear coherent structures arising in a turbulent flow superfluid light past an obstacle all-optical configuration. The different hydrodynamic regimes observed are organised unique phase diagram involving velocity and diameter obstacle. Then, we focus on vortices nucleated wake by investigating their intensity profile dependence radius core heali...

this article aims to explain how islamic fundamentalism in central asia could challenge afghan national security following the withdrawal of international forces. in this paper, the authors focusing on two jihadi islamists groups in central asia, called the imu (islamic movement of uzbekistan) and islamic jihad :union: (islamic jihadism of uzbekistan) believe that high adaptability in the wake ...

Studies in adult mammals (rats, cats, mice, and humans) have revealed a surprising regularity in the duration of sleep and wake bouts. In particular, wake bout durations exhibit a power-law distribution whereas sleep bout durations exhibit an exponential distribution. Moreover, in rodents, sleep bouts exhibit an exponential distribution at all ages examined, whereas wake bout durations exhibit ...

Orexin-producing neurons are clearly essential for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep as loss of these cells produces narcolepsy. However, little is understood about how these neurons dynamically interact with other wakeand sleep-regulatory nuclei to control behavioral states. Using survival analysis of wake bouts in wild type and orexin knockout mice, we found that orexins are necessary f...