The literature shows inconsistent evidence regarding the association between clinically assessed plantar-flexor (PF) spasticity and walking function in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The use of a dynamometer-based spasticity measure (DSM) may help to clarify this association. Our cohort included 42 pwMS (27 female, 15 male; age: 42.9 +/- 10.1 yr) with mild clinical disabilit...

Abstract Studies of how transport behaviour (e.g., driving, cycling, and walking) is affected by practice familiarity are not commonplace, in spite the fact that much our travel takes place on familiar, well-practiced routes. In other areas, it well-established repetition affects cognition, particularly memory attention. The goals current systematic literature review were 1) to explore research...

Background—Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a new stable, orally active prostaglandin I2 analogue with antiplatelet and vasodilating properties. We report the results of a phase III clinical trial of BPS in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods and Results—Patients (n5549) with a pain-free walking distance of between 50 and 300 m were entered into a 4-week single-blind placebo run-in phase....

BACKGROUND Increases in physical activity (PA) are promoted by walking in an outdoor environment. Along with walking speed, slope is a major determinant of exercise intensity, and energy expenditure. The hypothesis was that in free-living conditions, a hilly environment diminishes PA to a greater extent in obese (OB) when compared with control (CO) individuals. METHODS To assess PA types and ...

This study examined differences in accelerometer output when subjects walked on level ground and on a treadmill. We asked 25 nondisabled participants to wear an RT3 triaxial accelerometer (StayHealthy, Inc; Monrovia, California) and walk at their "normal" and "brisk" walking speeds for 10 minutes. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from level-ground walkin...

This study examined differences in accelerometer output when subjects walked on level ground and on a treadmill. We asked 25 nondisabled participants to wear an RT3 triaxial accelerometer (StayHealthy, Inc; Monrovia, California) and walk at their “normal” and “brisk” walking speeds for 10 minutes. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from level-ground walkin...

During rehabilitation, many patient groups are being trained using bodyweight-supported treadmill training. However, little is known about modulation of time and distance parameters, joint movements and leg muscle EMG patterns by very low walking speeds or partial bodyweight unloading. We collected data from 20 healthy young volunteers who walked on a treadmill at walking speeds varying between...

AIMS To identify the relevance and impact of walking speed (WS) over a short distance on activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS An internet-administered survey of MS patients in four countries was distributed to 605 individuals in 2010. Participants had MS for > 5 years and must have reported difficulty walking as a result of MS. The impact of MS o...

We investigated the cognitive processes that cause confidence to increase. Participants were asked 48 general-knowledge questions either once or three times, without feedback. After 2 min (Experiment 1) h 2) they same again, and rated their confidence. Repeated questioning increased but not accuracy. This increase, which replicated research on episodic memory in eyewitness literature (e.g., Sha...

BACKGROUND Community-based walking programs represent a low-cost, accessible approach to increasing physical activity among inactive adults. However, recruiting participants from vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups remains a challenge. This study examined the reach, retention, sociodemographic and health characteristics, physical activity levels and motivators of participants in Heart Foundatio...