In recent trends the development of structural steel using cold formed section plays a vital role in main frame construction portal frames. These frames find its use economic industrial, agricultural and residential buildings due to lightweight robustness. With major claims comparison with hot rolled profiles, possesses low cost, highly versatile standard design procedures. Among various design...

Some considerable damage to steel structures during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake occurred. Among them, many exposed-type column bases failed in several consistent patterns, such as brittle base plate fracture, excessive bolt elongation, unexpected early bolt failure, and inferior construction work, etc. The lessons from these phenomena led to the need for improved understanding of column base...

moment-resisting frames have extensive usage in earthquake-prone areas and high ability in energy dissipation.after the earthquake in northridge 1994,kobe 1995 fixed connections of steel structures have shown poor performance and generally they were caught brittle fracture of beam flange weld to the column.in order to remedy to avoid similar situations in future earthquakes,researchers introduc...

The experimental study presented in this paper aimed to examine the performance of cold-formed steel built-up section beam-columns experiencing non-uniform bending. test program was performed on open and closed sections that were manufactured from grades G500 G550 zinc-coated sheets. specimens assembled by connecting two identical channels with discrete connectors along longitudinal direction. ...