BACKGROUND Oral cholera vaccination is an approach to preventing outbreaks in at-risk settings and controlling cholera in endemic settings. However, vaccine-derived herd immunity may be short-lived due to interactions between human mobility and imperfect or waning vaccine efficacy. As the supply and utilization of oral cholera vaccines grows, critical questions related to herd immunity are emer...

INTRODUCTION IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory disorder that may involve almost each organ or system. IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) refers to renal lesions associated with IgG4-RD. The most frequent morphological type of renal lesions is IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) which is associated with increased IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and...

Dentin dysplasia is a rare inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by rootless teeth. We hereby report a case of dentin dysplasia type 1b with typical radiographic findings: short and blunt roots, pulpal obliteration, horizontal/crescent shaped radiolucencies in pulp chambers, and multiple periapical radiolucencies. However, the present case did not show the autosomal dominant patte...

1. The oscillatory properties of the isolated reticular (RE) thalamus were modeled with the use of compartmental models of RE cells. Hodgkin-Huxley type kinetic models of ionic channels were derived from voltage- and current-clamp data from RE cells. Interactions between interconnected RE cells were simulated with the use of a kinetic model of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory synapses....

Previous mathematical models of spatial farm-to-farm transmission of foot and mouth disease (FMD) have explored the impacts of control measures such as culling and vaccination during a single outbreak in a country normally free of FMD. As a result, these models do not include factors that are relevant to countries where FMD is endemic in some regions, like long-term waning natural and vaccine i...

We read with interest the article by Lota et al. The authors report a case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) with an atypical CT finding of crescent sign for LG. Typically, LG patients with lung involvement can present with pulmonary infiltration and may later develop a reversed halo sign, a focal round area of ground-glass attenuation and surrounding airspace consolidation of crescent shape....

The cortex of fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs undergoes regional changes in its composition and morphogenetic activity during the first three divisions. Gray crescent and animal pole cortex of stage 1 (1-cell) and stage 4 (8-cell) embryos each contain a characteristic array of proteins. Implantation of pieces of cortex into the blastocoel of midblastula embryos was used to assay their inductive ...