To learn whether asthmatic children are affected by passive smoking, we studied 240 unselected consecutively referred asthmatic subjects, aged 7 to 17 years. To discover whether children of smokers are affected more severely during the cold, wet season, when windows are closed and children are indoors, than during the warm, dry season, when houses are well ventilated and children spend more tim...

BACKGROUND Despite the prediction that temperatures are expected to increase in the future, little is known about the health effects of increasing temperatures on pregnant women. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of apparent temperature on spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD). METHODS A case-crossover study of 14,466 singleton spontaneous preterm deliveries occurring bet...

Abstract An 8‐year climatology of raintype observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement dual‐frequency precipitation radar highlights two stratiform rain producing storm regimes differentiated by relative importance convection. The more convectively active regime occurs in tropics and over warm‐season midlatitude land, where warm‐ cold‐topped convection accounts for 55% (40%) (rain ar...

Outdoor air pollution has been linked with increased risk of death from cardiorespiratory disease in epidemiologic studies in North America and Europe. Some studies have found that sex, age, or other modifying factors can cause increased susceptibility to air pollution in some individuals. However, few of these studies have been conducted in Asia. Now a new study of Shanghai residents reveals t...

BACKGROUND Observed seasonal differences in particulate matter (PM) associations with human health may be due to their composition and to toxicity-related seasonal interactions. OBJECTIVES We assessed seasonality in PM composition and in vitro PM pro-inflammatory potential using multiple PM samples. METHODS We collected 90 weekly PM10 and PM2.5 samples during the rainy-warm and dry-cold sea...

Speakers often refer to context only implicitly when using language. The utterance “it’s warm outside” could signal it’s warm relative to other days of the year or just relative to the current season (e.g., it’s warm for winter). Warm vaguely conveys that the temperature is high relative to some contextual comparison class, but little is known about how a listener decides upon such a standard o...

Temperature and precipitation covary across timescales due to thermodynamic dynamic processes. We examine spatial patterns trends of daily dependence maximum minimum temperature anomalies the contiguous United States during 1950–2020. In warm season, temperatures are anomalously cool on wet days, while in days. During 1950–2020, warm-season increased 0.5°C more days than dry whereas warmed slig...

chamran 2 cultivar with the pedigree attila 50y//attila/bacanora, originated from national cereal breeding program by crossing between chamran cultivar and  attila line in karaj (1996-97). the f1 plants were evaluated and selected in 1997-98 cropping season. the new cultivar was evaluated in six warm and dry southern research stations of the country (2004-2006). chamran cultivar with good adapt...