The present work aimed to evaluate the osmotic conditioning and shading on the germination and on the initial growth of aroeira seedlings. The seeds were pre-imbibed in solutions with different concentrations of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and KNO3 and incubated at 10°C and 20°C temperatures, during 0 (control), 12 and 24 hours. After these periods, the seeds were dried until they reached the ini...

The dilution biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test has widespread application for design and operation of wastewater treatment processes, evaluating the quality of natural waters, and assessing the effect of wastewater discharges on these waters. While standardization of the BOD-measuring method has become of prime importance in maintaining dependable data acquisition, changes are made as needed...

Palm oil processing operation is invariably accompanied by palm oil mill effluent (POME) considered to be an environmental pollutant. While anaerobic digestion and the present tertiary treatment technologies of POME are able to meet the current regulatory effluent discharge requirement of biological oxygen demand (BOD) 100 mg litre – the current limit set by the Department of Environment (DOE) ...

Various kinds of biosensors were developed for the environmental control. Microbial sensor consisting immobilized yeasts and oxygen probe has been applied to estimation of 5-day BOD. The response time of BOD sensor was less than 20 mm and the minimum measurable BOD was 3 mg l-. Amperometric microbial sensor for ammonia was constructed with immobilized nitrifying bacteria and an oxyger probe. Th...

We proposed a new method to determine the rate constant of biochemical oxidation of soil organic ma�ers that makes it possible to evaluate their stability by Spectroquant Merck BOD photometric tests; if smaller samplings are used and individual determinations are performed, it can replace the method of BOD vacuum measuring by an Oxi Top Control Merck system. The time and labour consumption of t...

The toxic effect of metal ions like chromium (Cr3+), cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of synthetic wastewater samples has been studied at different temperatures i.e., 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Experiments were conducted for BOD exertion in presence (10 ppm of each metal ion) and in the...

In any dairy plant, the quantity and characteristics of effluent is depending upon the extent of production activities, pasteurization of several milk products. The anaerobic digesters are used in the first phase of treatment, which is followed by high rate aerobic treatment. It remains as the most common effluent treatment scheme for dairy plants. The Indian dairy industry is stated to have th...

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the BodyMetrix™ BX2000 A-mode ultrasound for estimating percent body fat (%BF) in athletes by comparing it to skinfolds and the BOD POD. Forty-five (22 males, 23 females) National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I athletes volunteered for this study. Subjects were measured once in the BOD POD then twice by two technicians for ...

Experimental evidence demonstrates that syntactic structure influences human online sentence processing behavior. Despite this evidence, open questions remain: which type of syntactic structure best explains observed behavior–hierarchical or sequential, and lexicalized or unlexicalized? Recently, Frank and Bod (2011) find that unlexicalized sequential models predict reading times better than un...

Fecal contamination and organic pollution of an agricultural drainage in northeast Indiana was high. Bacterial counts (total coliform, TC; fecal coliform, FC; and fecal streptococcus, FS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were used to assess waste concentrations. Coliform counts indicated that sections of the drainage receiving septic effluent had waste concentrations far in excess of public ...