a Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA b ORAU/NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA c Department of Atmospheric, Ocean, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, USA d Applied Math and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA e Earth Science Division, NASA A...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract The proportion and origin of groundwater contribution to streamflow from agricultural catchments is relevant to estimation of the effects of nitrate leached from the soil on the quality of surface waters. This study addresses the partition...

We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses can lead to planetary evolution divergent from that of Earth. During this ear...

Frank Reith, Maggy F Lengke, Donna Falconer, David Craw and Gordon Southam School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia; Geomega Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand and Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Londo...

EVALUATION OF A FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION MODEL and AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PARTITIONING OF A RARE EARTH ELEMENT IN THE SYSTEM DIOPSIDE/WATER by ROBERT A. ZIELINSKI B.A. RUTGERS UNIVERSITY (1967) SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Septembe...

Aging earth fill dams that were constructed in the mid-1950’s are beginning to show signs of instability associated with time-dependent degradation shear strength. The strength can be attributed fissures, leaching cementation, and creep highly plastic clays, among other issues. processes being examined an dam experienced slope but did not result a loss water. This paper discusses research findi...

Scientists call pasture a natural eco-system and range is an agricultural eco-system. In this point of view although pasture that was full of plants growing by itself and not growing by human being (Pirdashti, 2007; Mohgadam, 2005) and two groups of living beings such as human being, plants, domesticated, and not living being like weather, Wind, gradient which are effective in making of pasture...