Hypertonic solutions play an important role in the treatment of tissue edema. Following the induction of experimental vasogenic brain edema by occlusion of the common carotid arteries in eight rabbits, the effect of hypertonic lactated Ringer's solution (subjects), vs. isotonic lactated Ringer's solution (control), was studied on blood pressure, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, and calcium) ...

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technique has been widely used for the abatement of the nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from diesel engines for decades. The urea-water solution (UWS) spray over the exhaust gases of diesel engines is one of the important methods used for exhaust after-treatment systems. The urea water solution is extensively injected in the upstream of the catalyst to genera...

in this study, the optimal cropping patterns based on individual aims are presented and followed by a multi-objective cropping pattern with emphasize on the use of conservation tillage methods in darab region presented. individual goals consisted of maximizing gross margin and food secin this study, the optimal cropping patterns based on individual aims were presented and followed by using a mu...

Background: Synthetic coagulants commonly used for water treatment are associated with undesirable properties, such as inefficacy and toxicity in addition to being expensive. Natural coagulants are considered safe and economical alternatives for developing countries where the plants are abundantly available. Methods: The phytochemical composition and safety of water samples treated with Mang...

nitrogen concentration, temperature and light intensity. Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients critical for the cultivation of algae due to its role in growth and regulation of metabolism [1]. It is well documented that there are three different sources of nitrogen such as nitrate, ammonia and urea, which are absorbed by microalgae [2,3]. Urea is known to contain approximately 46.7% nitrog...

A recent model of volume and solute microvascular exchange in the renal medulla was extended by simulating the deposition of NaCl, urea, and water into the medullary interstitium from the loops of Henle and collecting ducts with generation rates that undergo spatial variation within the inner medullary interstitium. To build an exponential osmolality gradient in the inner medulla, as suggested ...

Increasing applications of ionic liquids and their analogues, namely Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), requires further investigation into the effect of moisture content on the physico-chemical characteristics of these fluids. Although it is common practice to synthesize these fluids in a moisture-controlled environment, as moisture is generally considered to have an impact on their properties, th...

review and goals: the ajowan(carum copticum) is a medicinal plants from apiaceae family that seeds contains 2-4% of volatile oil. 9-17 of chemical composition of ajowan essential oil have been reported(2), it have antibacterial and antioxidant activity of it caused to preserve the food materials(1). the application of chemical fertilizer leads to environmental pollution and ecological disaster ...

GOLDSTEIN, LEON, W. WALTER OPPELT, AND THOMAS I-I. MAREN. Osmotic reguhtiun and urea metabolism in the lemon shark Negaprion brenirostris. Am. J. Physiol. 21516) : 1493-1497. 1968. -Lemon sharks Negaprion breuirostris were transferred gradually (within I wk) f rom full. to approximately half-strength seawater. Steady-state conditions (with respect to solute and water balance) were established b...