Filamentous fungi in drinking water can block water pipes, can cause organoleptic biodeterioration, and are a source of pathogens. There are increasing reports of the involvement of the organisms in biofilms. This present study describes a sampling device that can be inserted directly into pipes within water distribution systems, allowing biofilm formation in situ. Calcofluor White M2R staining...

Biofilms of a municipal water distribution system were characterized to assess the occurrence of fungi within surface matrixes. Densities of filamentous fungi ranged from 4.0 to 25.2 CFU cm(-2), whereas yeast densities ranged from 0 to 8.9 CFU cm(-2). Observations by scanning electron microscopy further suggested that spores, not hyphae or vegetative cells, comprised the primary source of viabl...

Water pipe network is installed underground and once equipped, it is difficult to recognize the state of pipes when the leak or burst happens. Accordingly, post management is often delayed after the fault occurs. Therefore, the systematic fault management system of water pipe network is required to prevent the accident and minimize the loss. In this work, we develop online fault detection syste...

Microbial contamination of a water distribution system was examined. The number and the taxonomy of non-pigmented and pigmented heterotrophic bacteria (HB), number of bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Campylobacter sp., Yersinia sp., representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-positive staphylococci, and C. pefringens) in the bulk water phase, biomass of zoogloeal aggregates...

OBJECTIVE To define the influence of some parameters, including assimilable organic carbon (AOC), chloramine residual, etc. on the bacterial growth in drinking water distribution systems. METHODS Three typical water treatment plants in a northern city (City T) of China and their corresponding distribution systems were investigated. Some parameters of the water samples, such as heterotrophic p...

In the field of water distribution systems the EPANET 2 toolkit is considered nowadays the industry standard for hydraulic modelling. Unfortunately, the design and programming model of EPANET 2 have some limitations that make any attempt to extend its hydraulic solver, add new functionalities or improve performance difficult to achieve and time consuming. A new software toolkit for water distri...

in water distribution network are generally detected and located using conventional methods that is not able to give previously any idea about leak size. Current paper draw proposal plan to discriminate leaks according to its size, using a modular system in four blocs: 1) Signal preprocessing, 2) Representation using modified Mexican hat wavelet 3) Dimensionality reduction using random projecti...

In this paper, an interactive decision support system is proposed to assist experts who prepare water resource management plans for decision makers and stakeholders. Several visualization techniques such as circle views, grid layout, small multiple maps, and simpli∗e-mail: a [email protected] †e-mail: [email protected] ‡e-mail: [email protected] §e-mail: hagen@inform...

Valves play a critical role in a water distribution system for subsystem isolation and flow or pressure control. Among them, subsystem isolation is required to repair or to rehabilitate a broken component and can be done by closing adjacent valves. To evaluate the role of valves, the concept of “Segment” is necessary. A segment consists of a set of pipes and nodes isolated together by closing a...

Canadian municipalities spend $12 to $15 billion annually on infrastructure but it never seems to be enough. Moreover, some municipal water systems in Canada were installed over 100 years ago. The challenge of funding infrastructure renewal is not really a financial challenge so much as it is a planning challenge. The developed funding renewal plan considers several factors and their effect on ...