In this paper, impacts of day-ahead market pricing on behavior of producers and consumers in option and day-ahead markets and on option pricing are studied. To this end, two comprehensive equilibrium models for joint put option and day-ahead markets under pay-as-bid and uniform pricing in day-ahead market are presented, respectively. Interaction between put option and day-ahead markets, uncerta...

The withdrawal of water for i r r igat ion in the d ryer regions of Mexico already accounts for some 91% of potential availabil i ty. Fur ther expansion of i r r igated acreage, therefore, must re ly more on increased water use efficiency ra ther than increased supply from engineering works. A pr ime ins t rument to br ing about such an improvement could be an appropriate water pr ic ing s t ru...

This paper develops a method for nodal pricing and market clearing mechanism considering reliability of the system. The effects of components reliability on electricity price, market participants’ profit and system social welfare is considered. This paper considers reliability both for evaluation of market participant’s optimality as well as for fair pricing and market clearing mechanism. To ac...

Reclaimed water quality has largely focused on meeting standards in the treated effluent. While the focus is well placed, reclaimed water may change before it is used at dispersed locations. Reclaimed water is a perishable product with a shelf life requiring packaging (i.e., piping) and preserving (with a disinfectant) during storage to minimize deterioration in quality. It typically contains h...

Waterlogging and salinization arise in arid areas largely because two essential resources, irrigation water and the assimilative capacity of unconfined aquifers, are not priced or allocated correctly to reflect scarcity values and opportunity costs. Farm-level and project-level models of crop production are examined to identify policies that will encourage farmers to consider opportunity costs ...

Management of water resources often involves significant negotiation with regard to complex social, economic and environmental trade-offs likely to result from changes in policy or access. In NSW, changes to water allocations and access, through the design and implementation of Water Sharing Plans, involved negotiation between stakeholders representing many different interests and concerns. A k...

the water and wastewater considered as one of capital intensive industrials in iran because it has 436 thousand milliard rial in fixed asset, 32.8 million rial in monopolistic market and the share of 0.05 % in gdp. the statistics showed that there is approximately 22 % of facilities and equipment in industrial production process as uncompleted projects. the need for macro investment, the limite...

In tissue culture, high production cost of the products restricts their reach. Though tissue culture is a major strength in floriculture it is marred by pricing issues. Hence, we developed a complete regeneration low cost micropropagation protocol for an economically important floriculture crop, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Successful regeneration of carnation from nodal explants on co...