A subsidence research program began in 1985 to document the extent and magnitude of land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, an area of about 15 600 km, using Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying. A brief description of GPS surveying is followed by a summary of each of four surveys between 1985 and 1989. In addition to periodic conventional spirit levelling, an examination was mad...

In the Colorado State University general circulation model, cumulus detrainment of cloud water and cloud ice has been, up to now, the only direct coupling between convective and large-scale condensation processes. This one-way interaction from the convective to the large-scale environment parameterizes, in a highly simplified manner, the growth of anvils spreading horizontally at the tops of na...

Mining for resources extraction may lead to several geological and associated environmental changes due to ground movements, collision with mining cavities and deformation of aquifers. Geological changes may continue in a reclaimed mine area, and the deformed aquifers may entail a breakdown of substrates and an increase in ground water tables, which may cause surface area inundation. Consequent...

Analysis on the current research status, this article studies on the dynamic subsidence principles of overburden rock strata during coal mining based on similar material simulation test. Close ranged industrial photogram metric system was introduced to collect data. After coordinate transformation, matching and model amendment, dynamic subsidence curves which can be used to analyze the continui...

Subsidence in river deltas is a complex process that has both natural and human causes. Increasing human activities like aquaculture and petroleum extraction are affecting the Yellow River delta, and one consequence is subsidence. The purpose of this study is to measure the surface displacements in the Yellow River delta region and to investigate the corresponding subsidence source. In this pap...

[1] The geomorphology and internal stratigraphy of modern coral microatolls show that all the outer arc Mentawai islands of West Sumatra have been subsiding over the past several decades. These same islands rose as much as 3 m during the giant megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833, and the current subsidence probably reflects strain accumulation that will lead to future large earthquakes. Ave...

Land surface deformation can be caused by underground mining activities. The maximum subsidence normally occurs directly above the location of the excavation of the coal seam. In the case where the longwall mining technique is applied, the magnitude and shape of the subsidence bowl are constrained by the longwall structure (pillar). This paper describes the use of satellite radar interferometry...

The estimation of ground subsidence processes is an important subject for the asset management of civil infrastructures on soft ground, such as airport facilities. In the planning and design stage, there exist many uncertainties in geotechnical conditions, and it is impossible to estimate the ground subsidence process by deterministic methods. In this paper, the sets of sample paths designating...

OBJECTIVE Preoperative parameters including the T1 slope (T1S) and C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) have been recognized as predictors of kyphosis after laminoplasty, which is accompanied by posterior neck muscle damage. The importance of preoperative parameters has been under-estimated in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) because there is no posterior neck muscle damage. We aime...