نتایج جستجو برای: water supply costs
تعداد نتایج: 850607 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Previous to 9-11, it was assumed that a combination of small-scale bench testing plus dimensional analysis would be sufficient to model fate and transport of chemical and biological (CB) contaminants in water systems. Water security is a life safety issue. Water supply systems on military installations and forward facilities are vulnerable to both conventional, industrial and military CB agent ...
OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate inequities in access to drinking water services as reflected in household per capita expenditure on water, and to determine what proportion of household expenditures is spent on water in 11 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS Using data from multi-purpose household surveys (such as the Living Standards Measurement Survey Study) conducted in...
Most of the irrigated agricultural regions in Europe are supplied by surface irrigation networks managed by local water authorities (WAs). Under such conditions, WAs are not able to fully monitor water usage and farmers have an information advantage vis-a-vis the WA. This results in the water authority suffering ‘pricing failure’ if it decides to apply an incentive pricing strategy (tariffs pro...
Supply of safe fresh water is currently one of the most important global issues. Membranes technologies are essential to treat water efficiently with low costs and energy consumption. Here, the development of self-organized nanostructured water treatment membranes based on ionic liquid crystals composed of ammonium, imidazolium, and pyridinium moieties is reported. Membranes with preserved 1D o...
Background and objective: Water supply networks are among the main and vital infrastructures of any city, therefore maintaining the safety of water supply facilities and considering necessary arrangements during encountering the critical conditions is among the main concerns of officials related to security issues of any country. For this purpose, investigation of these facilities in terms of p...
One of the main problems in the management of large water supply and distribution systems is the forecasting of daily demand in order to schedule pumping effort and minimize costs. This paper examines a methodology for consumer demand modeling and prediction in a real-time environment of an irrigation water distribution system. The approach is based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inferences System (AN...
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