In recent years, urban water systems in Australia have faced potential shortages due to recurring drought and climate change. Moreover, increasing population is leading to increasing demand in urban centres. There are many alternatives for addressing this challenge, including utilisation of different water sources (e.g. desalination, rainwater, stormwater and greywater re-use) and implementatio...

pricing policies play an important role in water demand management and its optimal allocation. determining proper water price leads to optimal allocation of water especially in agricultural consumptions. applying new subsidy targeting law in iran which insists on pricing water based on its supply cost, will effects considerably on water resource management in agriculture sector. so, in this stu...

Nowadays, many vegetables are grown inside greenhouses in which environment is controlled and nutrition can be supplied through water supply using electrical pump, namely fertigation. Dosage of nutrition in water for many vegetable plants are also known so that by controlling water supply all the needs for the plants to grow are available. Furthermore, water supply can be controlled using elect...

Over a Period of three months (summer), 108 samples of water collected from four hospitals in Te-hran. They were taken from numerous potable and non-potable water, including main supply cis-terns, calorifiers, hot and cold tap water, shower, cooling tower and drain of air condition system. Culturing of concentrated and non-concentrated water samples on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Aga...

The risk analysis of an irrigation water allocation strategy based on physical mechanisms is critically important in practice. Conventional risk analysis only considers the role of the channel system and ignores the factors related to on-farm ponds. This paper proposes a channel-pond joint water supply mode (CPJM) based on copula approaches. Two copulas, the Plackett copula and No.16 copula, ar...