Geostationary satellites provide revisiting times that are desirable for nowcasting and observations of severe weather. To overcome the problem of spatial resolution from a geostationary orbit, millimeter to submillimeter wave sounders have been suggested. This study compares the capabilities of various oxygen and water vapor millimeter and submillimeter bands for temperature and water vapor at...

Concentrations of atmospheric noble gases (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) dissolved in groundwaters from northern Oman indicate that the average ground temperature during the Late Pleistocene (15,000 to 24,000 years before present) was 6.5 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees C lower than that of today. Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic groundwater data show that the origin of atmospheric water vapor ch...

in this research, high oxygen-barrier films were organized based on low-density polyethylene (ldpe)/ ethylene vinyl alcohol (evoh)/ polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (ldpe-g-ma) compatibilizer. the effects of 10–30 wt. % evoh and 0–10 wt. % ldpe-g-ma loadings on the properties of final films were evaluated. the morphology of specimens was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (sem)...

the objective of this research was to compare the tensile, permeability, solubility and color properties of plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol-montmo-rillonite (ps-pva-mmt) and plasticized starch-polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose nanocrystal (ps-pva-ncc) bionanocomposite flms. the results showed that adding mmt (7%), increased the ultimate tensile strenght from 4.2 mpa to 4.61 mpa, however, ncc (7%...

We have developed a tunable temperature profiler based on a highly stable synthesizer that can observe at multiple frequencies on the shoulder of the 60 GHz atmospheric oxygen feature. We are developing a similar radiometer to obtain the vertical distribution of water vapor by making observations on the pressure broadened water vapor line from 22 to 29 GHz. Information on cloud liquid water pro...

The environmental resistance of pure iron was evaluated by an oxygen and hydrogen sensor installed after oxidation furnace. amount introduced precisely controlled the pump at front stage furnace, reaction with analyzed. Thus, when supplied, a between occurred; however, supplied not sufficient, hydrogen-vapor environment created, accelerated. Conversely, excessive, became oxygen–steam environmen...

The false legend of carbon dioxide traps resulting from the weight of carbon dioxide gas is disproved. In spite of water-vapor lightness in comparison with air, no water-vapor trap exists on cave ceilings. In fact, underground atmospheres with specific compositions are not related to gravity, but to the absence of any air movement around the gas sources. The process of double diffusion of oxyge...

Cellulose nanoreinforcements have been used to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biopolymers, whose performance is usually poor when compared to those of synthetic polymers. Nanocomposite edible films have been developed by adding cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in different concentrations (up to 36 g/100 g) as nanoreinforcement to mango puree based edible films. The effect of CNF was stu...

Novel polymeric active food packaging films comprising halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as active agents were developed. HNTs which are hollow tubular clay nanoparticles were utilized as nanofillers absorbing the naturally produced ethylene gas that causes softening and aging of fruits and vegetables; at the same time, limiting the migration of spoilage-inducing gas molecules within the polymer matr...