With the advent of cheap, miniaturized electronics, ubiquitous networking has reached an unprecedented level complexity, scale and heterogeneity, becoming core several modern applications such as smart industry, buildings cities. A crucial element for network performance is protocol stack, namely sets rules data formats that determine how nodes in exchange information. great effort been put to ...

In this paper, we discuss and analyze an optical code division multiple access for multiple user system. Media access control implementation has been considered. For fulfilling the huge need of bandwidth services, technology tends to move to optical networks and three major optical systems come into existence. Code division of the optical network is most used and real concept interacted with us...